issue 1
PRESENTATION
POPADIUK, SILVIO
SOCIAL CAPITAL OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND PERFORMANCE OF BRAZILIAN PUBLIC COMPANIES
ARANHA, CEZAR EDUARDO; ROSSONI, LUCIANO; MENDES-DA-SILVA, WESLEY
ABSTRACT
Purpose: We analyze the effect of social capital of the board of directors on the market value of Brazilian public companies listed in BM&F Bovespa. Therefore, we use as an indicator of social capital, relational resources present in the direct, indirect and heterogeneous ties to the board.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: Our pioneer study indicates that inconsistent results of studies evaluating board interlocking often occur because most studies only consider the centrality and the position of the companies in the network. In doing so, they disregard that relations may have greater or lower degree of social capital.
Key methodological aspects: Empirically evaluate the relationship between companies through the directors and managers that they share,. Using social network analysis, we identified which are the directand indirect relations, as well as the structural gaps of the companies. We also measured the capital represented by each relationship from the market value of these relationships, which composed our measurement of relational resources. Then, through econometric models, we investigated the effects of relational resources on market value.
Summary of key results: Our results showed that heterogeneous relational resources have stronger and more significant influence than available resources in the direct relations of the board, while available resources in indirect relations were not significant.
Key considerations/conclusions: We demonstrated that the social capital really matters, because the resources provided by the alters are potential resources that can be used for the benefit of a firm, individually, It was found that structural gaps are ways to get information and various resources, enabling greater competitive advantage.
KEYWORDS: Social capital. Administrative Council. Social network analysis. Performance. Capital markets.
INCOME, CONSUMPTION AND CENTRALIZATION OF WORK IN THE BRAZILIAN “NEW MIDDLE CLASS”
NORONHA, NAYARA SILVA DE; BARBOSA, DÉBORAH MARA SIADE
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Understand the centrality of work for the Brazilian emerging social class, known as “new” middle class.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: This paper contributes academically, since This paper aims at a recent phenomenon currently under debate. Since we are talking about a class in which work remains the centralizing element of their lives and, therefore, within the organizational world, it is of fundamental importance that the Organizational Studies add their contribution.
Key methodological aspects: There are few papers written about this theme, so our paper was based on the systematic review of literature.
Summary of key results: The simple and superficial association among class, income and consumption does not suffice to understand the complexity that lies behind the distinction structures and separation of classes. When we perceive society as a mere reproduction of the market, in other words, though income and consumption, we are perpetuating the naturalization of overexploitation of capital that posed as an individual modifying action. The accumulation has become something so subtle in society that we do not realize that the exaltation of income and consumption as responses to social changes is frivolous and hides all the symbolic domination of capitalism.
Key considerations/conclusions: We claim there isn’t the uprising of a new middle class, but a new working class. For these subjects, work remains the central and transforming element of their lives, which also allows access to what was once restricted to a small amount of the population.
KEYWORDS: Social class. New middle class. Income. Consumption. Work.
SECREGATION AND RESISTANCE PRACTICES IN ORGANIZATIONS: A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON “ROLEZINHOS” IN THE CITY OF BELO HORIZONTE (MG)
NASCIMENTO, MARCO CÉSAR RIBEIRO; TEIXEIRA, JULIANA CRISTINA; OLIVEIRA, JOSIANE SILVA DE; SARAIVA, LUIZ ALEX SILVA
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The aim of this paper is to understand how discourses of electronic media present reflections and refractions of resistance practices of the youth in organizational spaces as shopping malls ; these practices are currently known as Rolezinhos.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: Considering urban spaces as socially produced and cities as practical and discursive stages of symbolic dynamics of segregation, we discuss the processes of occupation of shopping malls in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, by youngsters from run-down areas, named Rolezinhos by electronic media.
Key methodological aspects: We adopted the French Discourse Analysis as the basis of analysis of this research. The analysis corpus consists of discourses present in fifteen electronic news portals of the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, which produced during the year 2013 eighteen reports on the collective occupation of shopping malls by youngstersfrom run-down areas.
Summary of key results: Resistance practices have expanded the boundaries of organizational spaces once they displace control points of the actions of subjects and question the construction of the shopping malls as organizational space to segregate disadvantaged social groups, emphasizing the potential for resistance and reframing of groups marginalized in these organizations.
Key considerations/conclusions: We understand the “rolezinhos” as achallenge of the limits of organizational space that produced border displacement of organizations. They are effects of changes in the relations of socioeconomic forces that were in the streets and, when expanded into organizational spaces, caused tensions which remain latent because the streets continue their dynamics and will again challenge these boundaries.
KEYWORDS: Practices. Organizations. Discourse analysis. Rolezinhos. Shopping malls.
SOCIAL VALUE ORIENTATION, VALUES SYSTEM AND COOPERATIVE BEHAVIOR: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
IWAI, TATIANA
ABSTRACT
Purpose: This study aimed to understand the relationship between the social value orientation of the individual and Schwartz’s human value theory, as well as to understand the relationship of these models with cooperative behavior of the individual under different regulatory environments (the existence or inexistence of external control).
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: Although both models are featured in their respective fields, little has been done in order to find points of convergence between them. Thus, this line of research would facilitate not only the dialogue between two formally separate research traditions, but also improve our understanding of the effects of values and preferences on the cooperative behavior of the individual.
Key methodological aspects: Data were collected using the Schwartz PVQ-21 scale, SVO Slider decomposed games and applying a principal-agent game in an experimental research environment.
Summary of key results: Results indicate that SVO social types differ mainly in the importance attributed to power and achievement values. Furthermore, results support the argument that cooperation of pro-social type is based on the intrinsic motivation to equalize outcomes, being, therefore, less sensitive to external controls. In contrast, pro-self cooperative behavior, based on maximizing individual outcome, relies more on the existence of external restrictions.
Key considerations/conclusions: Results show that SVO social types differ in their priority of values and, therefore, the individual’s value system may help to explain partially the individual’s propensity to cooperate.
KEYWORDS: Values. Social value orientation. Decomposed games. Cooperation. Control.
COMPETITIVE FACTORS AFFECTING INTERNATIONAL DIRECT INVESTMENTS IN BRAZIL
LARRAÑAGA, FÉLIX ALFREDO; GRISI, CELSO CLAUDIO DE HILDEBRAND E; MONTINI, ALEXANDRA DE ÁVILA
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To explore, describe and explain the relationship between the disposition of an international investor to invest in Brazil and the country´s competitive environment, in order to identify the existing relevant factorswhich stimulate investments.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: It states in the fact that it applies a multivariate analysis in order to establish and explain the relationship among several quantitative variables.
Key methodological aspects: The identification of such relations came from the application of a canonical analysis between the FDI as inbound flow and accumulation, and a series of explicative variables, representative of the Brazilian competitive environment. The data from 1997 to 2011 came from national and international sources.
Summary of key results: The output shows a strong correlation between the FDI in Brazil and some indicators of the country’s competitive environment.
Key considerations/conclusions: We established a strong correlation between the FDI and the Brazilian competitive environment, demonstrated through the two canonical functions generated. The relevant explicative variables which stimulated FDI in Brazil are the well-being of the society, the labor productivity and the imports. The paper offers a simple tool for the previous analysis of the process of the decision making regarding investment.
KEYWORDS: Competitive environment. Competitiveness. Foreign direct investment. International productive investment. Productivity.
THE CONTROLLERSHIP AS SUPPORT COMPANY STRATEGY: MULTIPLE CASE STUDY IN TRANSPORT COMPANIES
NUNES, ADÃO ALBERTO BLANCO; SELLITTO, MIGUEL AFONSO
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To identify the controllership practices which can support strategic decisions on transport companies.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: The paper presents a new approach to the relationship between controllership practices and strategic decisions. It contributes by filling gaps on the controllership functions, advancing in concepts about strategic decisions, and presents the commom practices of the segment.
Key methodological aspects: The research is applied with a qualitative approach. It is a multiple case study with four cargo transportation companies in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre/RS. For data collection, an interview script was elaborated. To check the similarity between the firms, the Jaccard similarity index was used.
Summary of key results: It was found that among the 27 controllership practices, 16 are used for at least one of the companies surveyed, while 11 are not used by any of the companies. Analyzing the use of strategic decisions listed in the literature, it is evident that 75.4% of strategic decisions are used by at least one of the enterprises, while 24,6% are not identified in any of the companies. There is similarity between the companies, the results indicate that 14,8% of practices are considered crucial or very important to 75% of the companies.
Key considerations/conclusions: The results show that the controllership practices can provide support to the formulation of strategic decisions of the company. Regarding the analysis of the number of decisions which are related to each practice, the controllership practices most prominent was “operating budget”, which is related to 60,5% of the 43 decisions.
KEYWORDS: Practices of controllership. Strategic decisions. Transportation company. Cargo transportation. Variable cost.
DIFFERENTIATION AND COMPETITIVENESS OF BRAZILIAN FASHION OFFER IN INTERNATIONAL MARKET
SUTTER, MARIANA BASSI; MACLENNAN, MARIA LAURA FERRANTY; POLO, EDISON FERNANDES; STREHLAU, VIVIAN IARA
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The research seeks to understand competitiveness of Brazilian fashion export from the perspective of competitive advantage.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: The study advances in Brazilian fashion comprehension, acknowledging the distinctive elements that may compose fashion offer for the international market. It contributes to relate variables seldom investigated as competitive advantage, differentiation and internationalization of Brazilian fashion. As a practical contribution, the research can guide managers seeking to increase its offer abroad by listing distinctive elements of Brazilian fashion.
Key methodological aspects: the study is supported by qualitative approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with market participants, being five agents to support the insertion of Brazilian fashion into the international market, four agents of demanding markets (organizational consumers). We used the speech analysis technique to examine the data.
Summary of key results: In order to compete internationally, Brazilian fashion supply may be based on: 1. design; 2. quality in sewing, cutting, machining, modeling, proper use of raw materials and comfort of the piece, 3. support and services; 4. development of attributes related to the country of origin, such as color, vibration, relaxation, joy, and image of Brazil, 5. deal prices suitable to offer.
Key considerations/conclusions: Brazilian fashion abroad is still inserted modestly. Brazilian fashion managers can support their offer on attributes related to country of origin, always focusing on the global consumer, as well as on price and quality, since they are still inhibiting factors of the international performance of Brazilian fashion.
KEYWORDS: Brazilian fashion. Competitive advantage. Fashion export. Differentiation. Competitiveness.
FUNCTIONAL THEORY OF ATTITUDE, SELF-MONITORING AND BRAND PROMINENCE: AN ANALYSIS OVER ADVERTISING ASSESSMENT
VIEIRA, VALTER AFONSO; LADEIRA, FRANCIELLI MARTINS BORGES
ABSTRACT
Purpose: We suggest interaction between the Functional Theory of Attitude (social setting or values of expression), the Self-Monitoring Theory and brand prominence (low or high) in order to explain the advertising assessment by consumers.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: Although foreign literature review provides a few studies relating Functional Attitude or Self-monitoring to brand prominence, none were found relating behavioral effects of the three aforementioned elements to the customer behavior.
Key methodological aspects: We proposed three interactive hypotheses in two factorial experiments type 2 × 2 × 2 among groups designed with luxury product ads.
Summary of key results: The findings showed an interactive effect between Functional Theory of Attitude and brand prominence. This result means that the brand influences consumer evaluations of loyalty and purchase intention for advertising with an attitude based on the value expression. The results indicated an interaction between self-monitoring and brand prominence. There are higher levels of loyalty and attitude for consumers when advertising did not present brand prominence and did present high levels of self-monitoring. We also found an interaction effect between functional attitude and self-monitoring, explaining perceived value.
Key considerations/conclusions: The marketing practitioners can use the results via communications, advertising products of high brand prominence focused on the value expression and individuals with lower self-control, aiming greater influence on buying intention.
KEYWORDS: Functional attitude. Self-monitoring. Brand visibility. Luxury. Advertising.
ISSUE 2
PRESENTATION
POPADIUK, SILVIO
REDEFINING IMAGINARY MANAGEMENT: CHALLENGES OF CREATION AND DIALOGICAL THINKING
PAULA, ANA PAULA PAES DE
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The purpose of this article is to discuss the redefinition of the managerial imaginary, recovering another meaning to management, which involves creation and dialogical thinking, and represents a new dynamic for the activity, as well as challenges regarding educating administrators.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: In the first part, we contrast the empirical against the abstract conception of management, to highlight the practical, social and political aspects of managerial activity and analyze the traditional view of management as planning and control. In the second part, we argue that the essence of management is the dialectics and its challenge is to resort to dialogical thinking to face the contradictions.
Key considerations/conclusions: We maintain that the strength of managerial imaginary reinforces the myth that doing business and controlling are synonyms to management, despite the empirical findings that contradict this view. Thus, rethinking managerial activity means breaking up with this imaginary, redefinying it and transforming education of administrators.
KEYWORDS: Managerial work. Managerial imaginary. Management. Dialogical thinking. Education of administrators.
ONLINE RECRUITMENT OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES: TECHNOLOGY IN FAVOR OF DIVERSITY?
LIMA, MICHELLE PINTO DE
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To analyze Web Based Recruitment for people with disabilities.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: Few studies in the world have looked at the usability and accessibility of job recruitment websites for people with disabilities: none of which reviewed Web ads. In Brazil, no e-Recruitment for people with disabilities was found.
Key methodological aspects: This is a descriptive and qualitative study. The author sought to analyze ads available on websites exclusively aimed at the recruitment of persons with disabilities. The categories of analysis were: the content of the ads, and their accessibility and usability of them. The analysis was done by means of automatic validation testing of the accessibility using a tool (Hera).
Summary of key results: All the sites have errors that hinder the accessibility and usability of the page. The large number of registered CVs and job vacancies available on the websites indicate that online recruitment is reaching the goal of attracting candidates and companies. Regarding the content, there are particular issues related to this specific audience, besides the ones regarding each and every job, such as the availability of accessibility in the company, devices allowed by the contractor, using filters for the candidate’s disability and special needs required by the company.
Key considerations/conclusions: Companies which specialize in this type of recruitment need to be familiar with the Web experiences of people with various types of disabilities seeking employment. Although the ads put forth various forms of information relating to the jobs, there is clear evidence that they are not prepared to receive disabled workers. Also, they need better guidance with respect to the elimination of discriminatory practices.
KEYWORDS: Recruitment. Websites. People with disabilities. Accessibility. Usability.
ETHICAL LEADERSHIP, LEADER-FOLLOWER RELATIONSHIP AND PERFORMANCE: A STUDY IN A TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANY
NIEMEYER, JEANE RODRIGUES LUCENA; CAVAZOTTE, FLÁVIA DE SOUZA COSTA NEVES
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Analyze the influence of ethical leadership on the relationship between leaders and followers, as well as its consequences for individual performance, commitment to work goals, and organizational citizenship.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: Although ethics in leadership is supposed to promote positive consequences in the work context, its association with performance and other relevant aspects in the business environment – such as the commitment to goals – has not yet been empirically studied. The present research contributes by filling this gap, therefore expanding the knowledge about the implications of ethical leadership in Brazil.
Key methodological aspects: A survey was conducted in a multinational telecommunications company, with a sample of 161 store clerks and 15 managers responsible for the sales units located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The statistical analysis was done using the software SPSS, through multiple regression analyses conducted with the variables studied.
Summary of key results: The results corroborate the benefits of ethical leadership. They show a positive association between ethical leadership and both the quality of the leader-follower relationships and employee performance.
Key considerations/conclusions: The research suggests that ethical leadership seems to have a positive impact on work productivity, by building a better relationship with employees. Therefore, based on the findings, it is possible to recommend specific actions in leadership development programs, calling attention to the importance of discussing ethical dilemmas, behaviors, and models of practice.
KEYWORDS: Ethical leadership. LMX. Individual performance. Goal commitment. Organizational citizenship.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN FAMILY BUSINESSES: CURRENT RESEARCH AND FUTURE CHALLENGES
BORGES, ALEX FERNANDO; BRITO, MOZAR JOSÉ DE; LIMA, JUVÊNCIO BRAGA DE; CASTRO, CAROLINA LESCURA DE CARVALHO
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on entrepreneurship in family businesses.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: Despite the fact that other literature reviews show the existence of papers that explore entrepreneurship in the context of family-owned businesses, there are no systematic reviews about the idiosyncrasies of the relation between these fields.
Key methodological aspects: We reviewed the scientific production published in journals relevant to the family businesses field. Seventy-three articles published about entrepreneurship in family businesses were categorized through the scope literature review technique, according to variables such as journal of publication, research topic addressed, and methodological procedures adopted.
Summary of key results: The integrated reading of articles categorized in this review allowed us to identify the exploration of different research topics and methodological approaches in the attempts to comprehend entrepreneurial phenomena in family businesses.
Key considerations/conclusions: We conclude that the potential of this approach will be achieved by the construction of a theoretical framework able to contribute to the understanding of intrinsic aspects of family-owned businesses. This approach, by involving phenomena that are complementary in the light of the interaction between family and business, may contribute for the generation of further knowledge about this type of organization, and for the opening of new research avenues on entrepreneurship and family businesses.
KEYWORDS: Family Business. Entrepreneurship. Innovation. Family Entrepreneurship. Literature Review.
INNOVATION IN A RELIGIOUS ENVIRONMENT: ESTABLISHING AN INTER-ORGANIZATIONAL NETWORK ORIENTED TO THE ISLAMIC MARKET
CUNHA, JULIO ARAUJO CARNEIRO DA; SOUZA, LEANDRO JANUÁRIO DE; MACAU, FLÁVIO ROMERO; ALSSABAK, NAWFAL ASSA MOSSA
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Understand the generation of innovation in a religious environment subject to the requirements of Islamic precepts. Brazil stands out in terms of its exports to the Middle East, particularly for items such as Halal chicken, produced according to Islamic precepts. For such business to be viable, an innovative network has emerged, with actors organizing their activities around religious precepts.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: Management of business product and processes is preponderantly oriented towards efficiency and productivity (e.g. cost reduction). Notwithstanding, they must comply to additional demands in supply networks where religion plays a major role.
Key methodological aspects: Documentary research, exploratory interviews with key respondents at the strategic level, non-participant observation of workplaces and production lines.
Summary of key results: Actors are linked to the network by a common goal, both economic and social, mobilized by institutionalized rules and religious principles in the network. Product and process changes are subject to compulsory religious rules, and no change may occur if not aligned to ancient practiced beliefs.
Key considerations/conclusions: Knowledge transfer and innovation are intertwined with religious rules, guiding product and process changes for both Muslim and non-Muslim network actors. New business approaches, however great their benefits in terms of productivity and conferring excellence, need the approval of religious leaders who interpret such innovation, judging the case for acceptance based on the precepts of the Qur’an, i.e. whether the practice is lawful or Halal.
KEYWORDS: Inter-organizational network. Religious knowledge transfer. Innovation in a religious environments. Halal food. Islamic market.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CONTINGENCY FACTORS IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES
MARTINS, PAULO SÉRGIO; ESCRIVÃO FILHO, EDMUNDO; NAGANO, MARCELO SEIDO
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To develop a systematization of the main barriers to and facilitators of implementing environmental management in small and medium-sized enterprises found in the literature, so as to associate these contingent factors with the specificities of management of enterprises of this size.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: The article proposes that the factors influencing the adoption of environmental practices should be investigated from the viewpoint of the characteristics that differentiate the smaller enterprises from large organizations.
Key methodological aspects: The method used for this study and reflection was the bibliographic research and the article is a theoretical essay on the topic of environmental management in small and medium sized-enterprises.
Summary of key results: The results show that, on one hand, most of the specificities of smaller enterprises are related to the drawbacks of environmental management and, on the other hand, that there are few factors which facilitate the development of environmental practices in these enterprises.
Key considerations/conclusions: The results showed the internal factors of SMEs linked to the management, structure, resources, organizational capabilities, among others, as the most critical for the implementation and maintenance of environmental management and, therefore, those who deserve more attention from policy makers and managers of small and medium-sized enterprises. Furthermore, the factors identified as facilitators, although scarce, show that smaller enterprises have specificities that can become potential in the environmental field.
KEYWORDS: Environmental management. Small and medium-sized enterprises. Specificities of SMEs. Barriers concerning the adoption of environmental management. Facilitators to the adoption of environmental management.
INFLUENCE OF THE EXPERIENCE OF MANAGERS IN THE INFORMATION SEARCHING ON UNK UNKS IN INNOVATIVE PROJECTS
RUSSO, ROSARIA DE FÁTIMA SEGGER MACRI; SBRAGIA, ROBERTO
ABSTRACT
Purpose: understand whether the most experienced managers would incur in the fallacy of centrality, neglecting the search for information on unknown unknowns in innovative projects to sensemaking what happens in the project context.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: the fallacy of centrality, theory formulated by Westrum, was observed in the action of various experts such as scientists, medical practitioners, and firefighters. It is intended to expand this context, analyzing the management of innovative projects in the business environment. Based on this assessment, we will suggest methods and techniques that can be adopted to anticipate the perception of occurrence of unknown unknowns, in order to increase the probability of success of the projects.
Key methodological aspects: a field survey was conducted in which 16 projects were selected. In such projects, 35 unanticipated events, which represent the unknown unknowns, were identified. Based on interviews, the data analysis was initially qualitative, followed by non-parametric statistical tests.
Summary of key results: despite the relevance of the search for information to deal with the unknown unknowns, its adoption has proved it is inversely correlated with the average length of professional experience of managers. Biases, such as anchoring, limited awareness, escalation of commitment, and overconfidence, hampered the perception of gaps in their knowledge.
Key considerations/conclusions: the recommendations of this study are predominantly practices: awareness of stakeholders on knowledge gaps, a favorable environment for innovation, and use of learning practices during the project.
KEYWORDS: Management of innovative project. Unforeseeable uncertainty. Fallacy of centrality. Decision making. Unknown unknowns.
PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES – A SURVEY OF AUTO PARTS COMPANIES
SOUZA, LÍLIAN CARNEIRO; RACHID, ALESSANDRA
ABSTRACT
Purpose: This paper presents an overview of the adoption of methods of production management methods for auto parts companies in Brazil and verifies if there is involvement of shop floor workers in their use, taking into consideration the relevance of involvement to organizational performance and obtaining the results expected from the adoption of these methods, as indicated by in line with research on participatory management and the manuals in the area of operations management.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: Involvement is a significant construct in product management and has been widely researched, but little research has been dedicated to investigating whether there is any involvement of employees in the use of multiple methods. Most of the existing research concentrates analysis on the adoption of a single method in isolation and in the literature it has been observed that companies do not always follow the recommendation to involve workers in their use, thus what motivated this study.
Key methodological aspects: We conducted a survey in 95 auto parts companies to gain access to information about a wide range of auto parts companies, plotting an overview of the adopted production management methods adopted and examining the extent of the involvement of employees.
Summary of key results: Most of methods investigated were widely adopted by the companies surveyed. Generally, the surveyed companies stated that there is employee involvement, although this varies from one method to another. The study identified cases in which methods have been adopted and after some time have ceased to be used by some companies. The abandonment of Six Sigma occurred mainly in companies in which there was no involvement of employees in the application of this method. The method most commonly abandoned, however, was the suggestion program, despite exhibiting greater employee involvement, indicating that some companies continue to experience difficulty applying this type of method over time. Limited time for training may also have hampered the use of some methods.
Key considerations/conclusions: The researched methods have been implemented by the examined companies. The research confirms that quality still plays a major role concerning employee involvement; representing one of the most noticeable aspects regarding lean production. Most of the investigated training is focused on this area, but the fact that time dedicated to training is short helps elucidate the difficulty related to involvement in methods which require a higher level of formal training. Cases in which companies implemented certain methods and soon discontinued them have been observed, highlighting the suggestion program, in which the employee involvement is central; what indicates that difficulties related to this involvement remain in some companies.
KEYWORDS: Production management. Workers’ involvement. Management methods. Auto parts. Survey.
ISSUE 3
PRESENTATION
POPADIUK, SILVIO
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS: REASONS AND DIFFICULTIES FOR STARTING IN BUSINESS
MACHADO, HILKA PELIZZA VIER; GAZOLA, SEBASTIÃO; FABRICIO, JOICELI DOS SANTOS; ANEZ, MIGUEL EDUARDO MORENO
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The aim of this research is to describe the main reasons and difficulties for women to establish businesses and to identify possible differences between those that go into industry and those that establish commerce or service businesses.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: The establishment of business is highly important for Entrepreneurship and its understanding is relevant to pinpoint the reasons and identify the difficulties that entrepreneurs have to establish their companies.
Key methodological aspects: A quantitative study of 102 industry women entrepreneurs and 96 commerce/services entrepreneurs was carried out. Data were collected by a structured questionnaire and by two Likert scales, which measured reasons and difficulties in the establishment of companies. A cluster analysis was undertaken to identify possible groups of attributes related to reasons and difficulties in the establishment of enterprises to group variables. The Mann–Whitney test was employed to compare reasons and difficulties in the establishment of enterprises between the two groups (industry and commerce/service) to identify statistically significant differences.
Summary of key results: Results by the Mann-Whitney test revealed that the two groups assigned the same level of importance to the reasons for business establishment: improvement difficulty in the previous job; desire to financially help offspring; re-entry into the labor market; earning lot of money. The same test showed no significant difference in importance level assigned to eight difficulties for the establishment of business: I did not believe in my own capacity; I had never had any link with other companies; I did not have any access to industry information; People did not believe in my potential; I was afraid to quit my job; I was never acquainted with a business plan; I had no money for advertising my business; I found it difficult to choose the location of the company.
Key considerations/conclusions: Results show that women entrepreneurs are not a homogenous group and that there is a need for public policies that would minimize difficulties in the setting up of companies to increase women´s participation as entrepreneurs.
KEYWORDS: Starting in business. Women entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship. Gender. Small businesses.
LIFESTYLES OF WORKERS IN THE EXPATRIATION CONTEXT
PRESTES, VANESSA AMARAL; GRISCI, CARMEM LIGIA IOCHINS; FRAGA, ALINE MENDONÇA
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To highlight and analyze lifestyles of expatriate workers.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: Since the expatriation involves processes of deconstructing and reconstructing the self, it is important to recognize lifestyles invented or adapted during an international experience.
Key methodological aspects: Exploratory research with qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out through focus group with managers of the same company who shared similar expatriation experiences. The transcribed material was submitted to content analysis.
Summary of key results: The ways of moving around the city, the routine and the leisure activities, the sightseeing trips, the expatriation valuation and the abnegation as a way of life were observed according to control-stimulation perception. Such elements highlighted lifestyles based on the former life, in the control, in the abnegation and in the established period of validity. Proved to be consistent with immaterial labor logic that reaches the unprecedented life, requiring intellectual and affective mobilization of individuals to new situations and indicating both intensification of control and submission forms, with so far expected freedom.
Key considerations/conclusions: The lifestyles, common to all research participants, were molded, intertwined and intensified in each other. They resulted from the daily shock between the non-normalizing prescriptions and the plurality of possible options lived in expatriation.
KEYWORDS: Lifestyles. Self-management. Expatriation. Control-stimulation. Immaterial labor.
BALANCING WORK, STUDY AND HOME: A RESEARCH WITH MASTER’S STUDENTS IN A BRAZILIAN UNIVERSITY
ELLER, AMANDA MAGRI; ARAUJO, BRUNO FELIX VON BORELL DE; ARAUJO, DIANA ABREU VON BORELL DE
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Understand the tactics that nontraditional students use to manage the boundaries between work, home and study.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: The originality of this study relies on transfer of the focus from the conflict to the balance between work, home and study. It also breaks new ground by directing attention to the micro level of individual action, in contrast to a literature that traditionally studied organizational actions. Finally, it performs an innovative reading of the interface between work, home and study domains from the perspective of the boundary theory.
Key methodological aspects: This qualitative study was held from 18 interviews that were recorded, transcribed and content analyzed, which revealed a list of individual tactics employed by respondents to reconcile the demands of work, home and study.
Summary of key results: The analysis allowed us to identify 18 tactics that our respondents employ to negotiate the level of permeability between the boundaries between work, school and home. These tactics were classified as behavioral, communicative, physical and temporal.
Key considerations/conclusions: The study revealed that students develop an active role by interpreting the expectations of the social actors from the home and work domains and from the institution where they study and adopt boundaries with degrees of permeability that enable a state of greater balance between these domains.
KEYWORDS: Boundaries. Nontraditional students. Work-home-study. Conflicts. Balance.
BRAZILIAN JEITINHO AND CULTURE: AN ANALYSIS OF THE FILMS ELITE SQUAD 1 AND 2
MORAES, ALINE FÁBIA GUERRA DE; GOMES, DANILO CORTEZ; HELAL, DIOGO HENRIQUE
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The present study tried to observe the representations of Brazilian jeitinho, typical of Brazilian culture, through the analyses of the movies Elite squad (Tropa de elite) and Elite squad: the enemy within (Tropa de elite: o inimigo agora é outro).
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: The article corroborates the ongoing debate on the field and offers alternatives for the study of Business Administration, by using the film analysis as a technique. It is of utmost importance to evidence that analyses such as this one, contribute to Business Administration by, when well situated, aiding in the comprehension of themes and concepts, leading students and readers to obtain new reflections and new perspectives about the subjects in question.
Key methodological aspects: The qualitative character is a methodological landmark of this work, which uses the technique of indirect observation to analyze the films. From the utilization of a reflexive methodology, we were supported by the categorization of the data analyzed, based on the “implications” of jeitinho, present in Massukado-Nakatani, Mussi and Pedroso (2009). For a better perspective of these implications, tables were constructed linking them to specific scenes in the films.
Summary of key results: Jeitinho appears in the movies as a notable presence in the Brazilian culture, entering the realm of the organizations, which is the case of the Military Police, the organization presented in the analyses of the films.
Key considerations/conclusions: Thus, it was possible to notice peculiarities of the Brazilian culture through the analysis of national productions, contributing, then, to the ongoing debate in the field, trying to offer alternatives to the study of Administration, especially in what concerns the absorption of the national culture in the organizations.
KEYWORDS: Culture. Jeitinho. Corruption. Elite squad. Filmic analysis.
CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF BRAZIL, RUSSIA, INDIA AND CHINA BY ECONOMIC CRISIS
SILVA, EDILSON DOS SANTOS; SANTOS, JOSETE FLORENCIO DOS; PEROBELLI, FERNANDA FINOTTI CORDEIRO; NAKAMURA, WILSON TOSHIRO
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Verify the effects of the subprime mortgage crisis on firms with different debt levels.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: The study contributes to the literature by examining the financial capital structure of emerging market companies in a context of crisis, in addition to using a robust econometric tool – the quantile regression.
Key methodological aspects: In this work, the quantile regression was used as an analysis tool, and this technique allowed to observe the impacts of the crisis not only in the average level of indebtedness of companies, but also in its extreme values. Therefore, this work is characterized as descriptive, and the analyzed relations are quantitative. Firms were analyzed in Brazil, Russia, India and China.
Summary of key results: The results indicate financing strategies, according to the theories of Pecking Order and Trade-off as regards to the level of debt.
Key considerations/conclusions: The survey concluded that firms have different financing strategies even in the same country. Thus, the financial performance of firms would be influenced by economic conditions in the country, as well as the existing debt level in each company.
KEYWORDS: Pecking order. Trade-off. Capital structure. Emerging countries. Economic crisis.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL SLACK AND INNOVATION IN COMPANIES OF BM&FBOVESPA
MURRO, EDUARDO VINÍCIUS BASSI; TEIXEIRA, GUILHERME BITTENCOURT; BEUREN, ILSE MARIA; SCHERER, LUCIANO MÁRCIO; LIMA, GERLANDO AUGUSTO SAMPAIO FRANCO DE
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The goal of this study is to identify the relationship of absorbed, non–absorbed and potential slack with the innovation of companies of sectors members of the sectoral ranking of innovation in the Brazilian Index of Innovation (IBI) listed in BM&FBovespa.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: Organizational slack and innovation have been objects of study internationally, but still represent a research gap in Brazil. Also there were not identified studies using the intangible asset to measure innovation and the possible relations with the organizational slack measures. This theme can also support the strategic activities of organizations, such as contributing to the creation of competitive advantage.
Key methodological aspects: Descriptive research with quantitative approach was carried out using financial data of 208 companies listed in BM&FBovespa classified as innovative according to the Index Brazil of Innovation. Information regarding intangible assets, used as metrics to measure the innovation, was collected from the Notes; and the data to calculate the measures of organizational slack were collected from Economática® database.
Summary of key results: In the application of the panel data model, the results demonstrate a significant relationship between organizational slack and innovation. The potential and absorbed slacks impact significantly and positively the innovative process. Non-absorbed slack influences positively, but with relatively smaller impact compared to other measures.
Key considerations/conclusions: It is concluded that the results indicate a relationship in greater degree of absorbed and potential slack and to a lesser degree of non-absorbed slack with the innovation of the companies surveyed.
KEYWORDS: Absorbed slack. Non-absorbed slack. Potential slack. Innovation. Intangible.
COORDINATION OF JOINT ACTIONS IN MURIAÉ’S (MG) CLOTHING LPA
ANTERO, CECILIA ALVES DA SILVA; TAVARES, BRUNO; ANTONIALLI, LUIZ MARCELO; LIMA, AFONSO AUGUSTO TEIXEIRA DE FREITAS DE CARVALHO; GAVA, RODRIGO
ABSTRACT
Purpose: It sought to understand the coordination of the local production arrangement (LPA), especifically clothing production in the City of Muriaé, MG-Brazil.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: This study proposes the analytical model for comprehending how coordinating happens, as well as indicate relations between the elements that compose it, and the implications for the way in which these elements are manifested in a LPA context. It consists in an advance for understanding governance in LPA. We suggest means for systematizing the coordination of joint actions and mitigating challenges regarding means of production and means of coordinating.
Key methodological aspects: A qualitative/descriptive research was performed, whose data was gathered through documents and partially structured interviews, conducted with twenty agents of said LPAs. The data was processed through NVivo® software and categorized by the content analysis technique.
Summary of key results: It was found that the coordination is characterized by low levels of formality, integration and participation of the business representatives, management structure made of some entities and average integration and participation levels of the business representatives’ part. Results that support other studies developed about the practice.
Key considerations/conclusions: It was identified factors that allow us to grasp the complex reality and dynamics of a LPA, as well as criteria for systematizing and comprehending how coordination happens and pointing out its implication in the development [of local business]. Out of strategies devised, it will be possible to direct the activities of coordinators from others LPAs, fostering local business development.
KEYWORDS: Local development. Governance in LPA. Integration. Organization. Participation.
GREEN MARKETING AS A MEDIATOR BETWEEN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE
ZAMPESE, EDNEI ROGÉRIO DE SOUZA; MOORI, ROBERTO GIRO; CALDEIRA, ADILSON
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The study aims to explore and describe the mediation of green marketing in the relationship between supply chain management and corporate performance.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: The prior intention was to fill an epistemological gap about green marketing. The presence of green marketing in regression decreases the magnitude of the relationship between supply chain management and performance in Brazilian construction companies.
Key methodological aspects: The study was carried out using quantitative method with exploratory and descriptive purposes. An exploratory research was conducted through in-depth interviews with ten managers working in the construction business. A descriptive survey involved the application of a questionnaire answered by a sample of 133 respondents. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, linear regression and structural equation modeling.
Summary of key results: Data showed that green marketing mediates, in part, the relationship between supply chain management and corporate performance.
Key considerations/conclusions: As theoretical implications, the study reinforces positive correlations between the constructs used in the surveyed sector. It resorted to models previously developed that, combined, could be reproduced or falsified, in order to obtain, finally, convergent measurement models. As a practical application, it identified the involvement of employees in environmental issues, missions and visions with explicit statements on energy and water saving and green marketing initiatives to improve the corporate image, such as obtaining environmental certifications. In conclusion, it appears that the civil construction companies have room to improve the communication and image to stimulate both the supply and consumption of green products.
KEYWORDS: Green marketing. Organizational performance. Supply chain management. Green supply chain. Supply chain in construction.
issue 4
PRESENTATION
POPADIUK, SILVIO
BETWEEN REWARD AND SUFFERING: THE BANK WORKERS’ VIEW OF THE FLEXIBILITY DISCOURSE
NASCIMENTO, REJANE PREVOT; DAMASCENO, LÍGIA DO CARMO MARTINS; NEVES, DIANA REBELLO
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To analyze critically the impact of the flexibility discourse on banking industry practices, from the perspective of bank employees.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: This research is relevant once it deals with the issue of flexibility from the point of view of the employees, a matter that is still being debated in the academia. It also tries to close a gap in the subject, namely on whether employees identify the use of the flexibility discourse as being an instrument of control.
Key methodological aspects: The study used a qualitative approach and semi–structured interviews for its data collection. This data was analyzed using the content analysis method.
Summary of key results: The transformation of bank workers’ profiles, in order to be more flexible, has exposed them to perverse management practices and, encouraged by corporate discourse, they have ended up becoming high performance slaves. The bank employee is now primarily seen as a salesperson. Even though they are dissatisfied with their working conditions, the interviewees readily submit themselves to the pressures of work to maintain their standards of living.
Key considerations/conclusions: Flexible practices are so embedded in the day–to-day work of bank workers that they do not perceive them as being tools of control or domination over them. Finally, the conclusion reached is that the prevailing ideology in society enhances the discourse of human resources management, which, in turn makes the flexibility discourse operational, as pointed out by Sennet (2008) and Gaulejac (2007).
KEYWORDS: Flexibility. Banking Sector. Human Resources Management. Work. Control.
DIVERSITY: RECOGNITION OF THE DIFFÉRANCE OR TOLERATED DIFFERENCE? A STUDY ON THE PERCEPTION OF MINING AND STEEL PROFESSIONALS
LORENTZ, CACILDA NACUR; CARRIERI, ALEXANDRE DE PÁDUA; MAESTRO FILHO, ANTONIO DEL; LIMA, LUIZ CLÁUDIO DE
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To comprehend diversity on the organizational context.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: There are few critical studies on the subject, here grounded on the ideas of Derrida (2002) and on the theory of recognition of Honneth (2003). The comprehension of diversity is related to the construction of identity among individuals and refers to the concept of tolerance, enabling a discussion about recognition (or not) of differences.
Key methodological aspects: Qualitative research, performed in organizations on the segments of mining and steel mill. Data were collected by focal groups submitted to discourse analysis.
Summary of key results: It was found difficult to live with people of different groups. Diversity was also associated to difference and the topic recognition. It was evident that diversity should be managed in the organizational context, but the diversity that comes on the agenda of companies analyzed, including the HR practices, is the tolerable diversity.
Key considerations/conclusions: Minority groups still lack of recognition, prevailing the valorization of a group over the others. To recognize differences is a challenging matter, considering the distance established between reflexive processes and the corporate practice. Finally, it is pointed out the need to promote actions that aim the equality of opportunities of treatment to the several groups present in the organization.
KEYWORDS: Diversity. Minority groups. Difference. Recognition. Tolerance.
EVALUATION OF BANK EFFICIENCY IN BRAZIL: A DEA APPROACH
CAVA, PATRICIA BENITES; SALGADO JUNIOR, ALEXANDRE PEREIRA; BRANCO, ADRIEL MARTINS DE FREITAS
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The research aims to evaluate the efficiency of banks that operated in the Brazilian market in 2013. To achieve this goal, efficient banks were identified according to the production approach. To detect and explain efficiency standards, additional analyses were carried out related to: 1. capital origin, 2. size, 3. business segment, and 4. risk rating.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: The Brazilian literature on bank efficiency features several studies linking the efficiency of banks to capital origin and size. However, the relationship between efficiency and business segment has been poorly explored and the relationship between efficiency and risk rating is scarce. In this sense, this research contributes to the literature by exploring the relationship between efficiency and business segment, as well as the relationship between efficiency and risk rating.
Key methodological aspects: The research uses a quantitative approach and employs the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique to calculate efficiency scores. The data were obtained from the Central Bank of Brazil (Bacen).
Summary of key results: Federal public banks and large banks are, on average, more efficient. Banks operating in foreign exchange and retail, as well as banks with high credit ratings, also achieved high levels of efficiency. Key considerations/conclusions: Efficient banks proved to be more profitable, lent less money in proportion to their total assets, and received fewer complaints filed with the Central Bank of Brazil in 2013.
KEYWORDS: Bank efficiency. Banks. Brazilian banks. Production approach. DEA.
IMPACT OF ADOPTING IFRS STANDARD ON THE EQUITY COST OF BRAZILIAN OPEN CAPITAL COMPANIES
GATSIOS, RAFAEL CONFETTI; SILVA, JOSÉ MARCOS DA; AMBROZINI, MARCELO AUGUSTO; ASSAF NETO, ALEXANDRE; LIMA, FABIANO GUASTI
ABSTRACT
Purpose: This study aims to assess the impact of adopting IFRS standard on the equity cost of Brazilian open capital companies in the period of 2004-2013.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: The adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards aims to increase the quality of accounting information. Studies performed in Europe suggest that, after the adoption of the IFRS standard, there was a reduction in the equity cost of companies due to the reduction of information asymmetry and risk.
Key methodological aspects: The equity cost was calculated using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) adapted to the Brazilian case. The empirical strategy was the difference analysis in differences, comparing the results of companies that voluntarily adopted the IFRS with companies that adopted IFRS after the mandatory adoption period.
Summary of key results: The results indicate that the adoption of the IFRS standard does not contribute to reduce the equity cost in Brazil. Key considerations/conclusions: Suggesting that the process of adopting the international accounting standard may take more time to impact the equity cost of Brazilian open capital companies, since the impact of IFRS is not related only with the adoption, but also with its use by companies and users.
KEYWORDS: Cost of equity. CAPM. IFRS. Quality of accounting information. Brazil.
THE CO-PRODUCTION OF INNOVATION: A CASE STUDY IN A REHABILITATION HOSPITAL
CARDOSO, REGIS SILAS; SILVA FILHO, ANTONIO ISIDRO DA; VIEIRA, LEAR VALADARES
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Understand how the user, the provider/supplier and the decision maker interact in the innovative process, as well as identify how the co-production occurs.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: There is evidence that the innovation derives among other factors from elements that characterize the co-production. Studies involving co-production of innovation are scarce. This study contributes to increase the theoretical knowledge in innovation in hospitals, mainly regarding co-production of innovation.
Key methodological aspects: It is a qualitative study with case study strategy. Data collection through interviews and documentary research. Analysis of the data by technique of content analysis.
Summary of key results: The logic of product development is still applied in the development of technological solutions for the hospital, against the logic of services, involving the interaction of customer with supplier. The results also suggest the possibility of relationship between innovation capacity and occurrence of innovation, pointing out the need to test this relationship in future works.
Key considerations/conclusions: It is necessary to understand and investigate the mechanisms that allow the interaction of users, from design to implementation of innovation. It is also important to investigate whether the elements that characterize the co-production are relevant to explain innovation in hospitals, because elements were identified related to the concept of innovation that deserves to be better understood, including in contexts of public and private hospitals.
KEYWORDS: Innovation. Interaction. Co-production. Hospital. Electronic patient record.
PRACTICE GENEALOGY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR STRATEGY AS PRACTICE
SILVA, EVERTON RODRIGUES DA; GONÇALVES, CARLOS ALBERTO
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To map the converging principles of the various practice theories and present their implications for the research agenda of the strategy as practice.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: The research program of strategy as practice (S-as-P) is an intellectual heir of the studies based upon practices present in contemporary social theory. Field theoreticians reinforce the importance of a self-conscious application of the theory of practice, an ambition that requires an allegiance to the notion of practice. Facing this situation, the contribution of this work is: 1. to enable a first approach with the philosophical assumptions of the theory of practice; 2. to serve as a basis for a thorough examination of the research agenda of S-as-P; 3. to serve as inspiration for scholars to be concerned about the fundamental concepts of their researches.
Key methodological aspects: Theoretical essay elaborated from a systematic review of the literature.
Summary of key results: Review of critical concepts for the S-as-P (e.g.: notions of social/organizational reality, practice, agency, strategy and articulation of these concepts with influential visions in the field of strategy), showing their unique aspects – facing the procedural approaches in strategy and previous theoretical perspectives in the social sciences that use the word practice – and stimulating the development of research of ethnographic inspiration, cartographic or similar.
Key considerations/conclusions: The effort undertaken is an attempt to bring to surface the assumptions that guide the turn of the practice, avoiding the reproduction of theoretical models, without understanding the principles on which they were drawn up.
KEYWORDS: Practice. Theory of practice. Strategy as practice. Agency. Organizational ontology.
THE SURVIVAL OF INTERORGANIZATIONAL NETWORKS: A PROPOSAL BASED ON RESOURCE DEPENDENCE THEORY
KLEIN, LEANDER LUIZ; PEREIRA, BRENO AUGUSTO DINIZ
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to depict a theoretical proposal for analyzing the influence of three facets of an organization’s dependence on the survival of interorganizational networks: on the environment, on the other members and on the network.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: This paper assists business leaders in showing the dependence tensions of enterprises on the market and networks. The understanding of relational changes and benefits provided by the network during its evolution also has an impact on enterprises’ dependency. This paper is therefore original as it makes the contribution essential to a nascent stream of research.
Key methodological aspects: The conceptualization of this study is based on the Resource Dependence Theory to direct network survival. The methodology of the paper is based on a theoretical essay for the formation of an analytical background of the subject. It presents an insight in a manner that sheds light on the subject and sets the stage for future research.
Summary of key results: Does not apply. In this article, we did not make an empirical investigation.
Key considerations/conclusions: The conceptualization of this study has been based solely on the Resource Dependency Theory to direct network survival. Furthermore, additional research is needed to empirically validate the framework.
KEYWORDS: Network survival. Organization dependence. Network evolution. Resource Dependence Theory. Competitiveness.
MICROBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF MICROENTREPRENEURS’S FAMILIES
SILVA, WENDEL ALEX CASTRO; FONSECA, RICARDO DE FREITAS; SANTOS, ANDRÉIA DE OLIVEIRA
ABSTRACT
Purpose: This paper aimed at verifying the influence of microcredit in the development of microbusinesses and in the quality of life of the microentrepreneurs’ families, using the elaboration of a structural equation model based on the borrowers’ perception.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: In the last 15 years, only 9.3% of the studies analyzed (national and international) covered the topic “quality of life after the access to microcredit”. The general goals of the Brazilian National Oriented Productive Microcredit Program (PNMPO) do not mention quality of life, and gaps are yet to be investigated.
Key methodological aspects: It was developed a quantitative research, with a probabilistic sample consisting of 250 microentrepreneurs, borrowers of microcredit. Descriptive statistical techniques and analysis of structural equation models were applied with the aid of the softwares SPSS and AMOS.
Summary of key results: It was observed that the factor business management exerts positive influence on the access to the media, on leisure and on quality of life. The access to the media and to leisure activities exerts positive influence on the quality of life. The variables used herein, when associated in a predecessor form, explain 54.0% of the transformation in the quality of life of the families benefited.
Key considerations/conclusions: The results show the Program preference in benefitting women and encouraging their economic activity. It has been found the absence of joint and several guarantee, but the need for a guarantor for the granting of the loans. The entrepreneurs mostly work in the informal sector, despite government incentives. Through the increase in purchases of consumer goods, education, health and leisure, it was confirmed the improvement in the businesses’ and in the quality of life of the families, after the microcredits were granted.
KEYWORDS: Microcredit. Microbusinesses. Microentrepreneurs. Quality of life. Structural equations.
ISSUE 5
PRESENTATION
POPADIUK, SILVIO
A SOLUTION THROUGH PRAXIS? REFLECTIONS ABOUT THE IVORY TOWER METAPHOR AND THE INDISSOCIABILITY BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICE IN ORGANIZATIONAL STUDIES
ALCÂNTARA, VALDERÍ DE CASTRO; VALADARES, JOSIEL LOPES; MACEDO, ALEX DOS SANTOS; CAPPELLE, MÔNICA CARVALHO ALVES
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The aim of the current study is to use the Ivory Tower metaphor to discuss and question the false dichotomy between theory and practice, as well as the insufficient pragmatic and performative solution towards the market logic, and to problematize the concept of praxis as a possibility through critical approaches.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: 1. the Ivory Tower demonstrates the existence of a gap in the relation between theory and practice; 2. the essay is conducted according to critical approaches; 3. the Critical Theory has the potential to deconstruct the assigned and socially constructed meanings of the Ivory Tower.
Key methodological aspects: This is a theoretical essay that dialectically explores the Ivory Tower metaphor.
Summary of key results: 1. the organizational science linked to the instrumental logic makes no place for praxis; 2. the Traditional Theory does not allow thinking about the relation between theory and practice through praxis, because it polarizes such categories and gives primacy to practice by demanding performance and productivity from theory; 3. based on the Ivory Tower metaphor, it is necessary to make criticisms for the sake of praxis and not for the sake of the practice understood just as technical and instrumental utility.
Key considerations/conclusions: We pursuit solutions to remove the dichotomies that take the dialectical nature away from reality; it is necessary (re)constructing new ways to get in and out of the tower on behalf of emancipation, in the permanent and inseparable relation between theory and practice.
KEYWORDS: Praxis. Theory and practice. Ivory Tower. Knowledge. Criticism.
WHAT TOMORROW BRINGS? EXAMINING A MODEL OF ANTECEDENTS OF CAREER EXPECTATIONS
VASCONCELLOS, VINICIUS CARVALHO DE; NEIVA, ELAINE RABELO
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Analyze if the perceptions about policies and practices on human resources management (HRM), well-being at work and expectations of organizational future act as antecedents of career expectations in the organization.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: The question “What will my future be in this organization?” is a relevant part of working life. Thus, it is important to assess which variables influence future career expectations. Based on theoretical contributions and previous surveys about career, well-being and HRM, the model tested coordinates variables that are analyzed in isolate by literature.
Key methodological aspects: In this quantitative survey, 305 professionals from a government agency completed an e-questionnaire with scales validated in Brazil. Data were analyzed through structural equations models.
Summary of key results: The effects of well-being at work and expected future in the organization on the career expectations were positive and moderate, in the first case, and strong in the second case. The effect of perceptions of HR policies and practices on career expectations was completely mediated by well-being at work and expectations of organizational future.
Key considerations/conclusions: Results support the relations theoretically conceived or found in previous qualitative surveys. In practical terms, data suggest that improving HR policies and practices can increase well-being at work and expectations of organizational future and, finally, foster positive career expectations in the organization. Considering that the research was limited to one organization, future investigations should analyze the model in other organizations.
KEYWORDS: Career. Expectations. Organizational future. Human resources. Well-being at work.
MEANINGS OF VOLUNTEER WORK: A STUDY WITH MEMBERS OF A LUTHERAN INSTITUTION
BORCHARDT, PIETRA; BIANCO, MÔNICA DE FATIMA
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To understand the meanings of volunteer work among members of a lutheran protestant church.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: This research adds to the field of knowledge of the meanings of work, especially because of the specific context studied. In addition, it extends the discussion on volunteering, by entering the management of religious institutions that are supported by the help of volunteers.
Key methodological aspects: A qualitative approach to research was adopted and data were gathered in documents, interviews, and non-participant observation of the board meetings of a lutheran church synod in Southeast Brazil. The perspective used to analyze data was that the production of meanings is also a means for interpreting. Besides, using associating ideas mapping technique allowed the identification of categories based on the content and logical sequence of discourse.
Summary of key results: The study found eight meanings of work: identification with the lutheran ethics; integrity and image of the institution; unit; conditions and willingness to participate; incentive from others; relation with the profession; pleasant relationship between a board of directors; and monitoring, support, and recognition.
Key considerations/conclusions: The study revealed a better understanding for volunteering at a religious organization on how to think about ways to manage it. Also, it was realized that the experiences and interaction with others shape the individual and his or her relationship with the church, and that the meaning of work has a different relationship to each religion.
KEYWORDS: Meanings of work. Volunteer work. Management. Religious volunteering. Lutheran church.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE IN BRAZIL: STOCK, BONDS AND SUBSTITUTION
RIPAMONTI, ALEXANDRE; KAYO, EDUARDO KAZUO
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To study the Brazilian bond and stock markets for testing the stock market development theory of Demirgüc-Kunt and Maksimovic (1996).
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: This paper tests the substitution hypothesis of stock market development, from debt to stocks, in a context of improved corporate governance, by analyzing the data with cointegration techniques. The findings show that the rejection of substitution hypothesis, as the bond market has a positive and significant association with stock market improvements. The findings also show that improving the quality of corporate governance could lead equity capital and borrower capital sources to be complementary and not substitutes, suggesting that Brazilian stock market reform has created a virtuous development cycle.
Key methodological aspects: Positivist research using quantitative methodology. Data from a sample of 171 firms during 20 years, analyzed with cointegration. The null was a negative association between bond and stock markets.
Summary of key results: Null rejection, non-consistent to theoretical framework. The results have shown a positive and significant association between stock and debt in an improved corporate governance context.
Key considerations/conclusions: Improving the quality of corporate governance could lead equity capital and borrower capital sources to be complementary, and not substitutes, suggesting that Brazilian stock market reform has created a virtuous development cycle.
KEYWORDS: Stock market development. Bond market development. Capital structure. Corporate governance. Bond and stock complementarity hypothesis.
MODELING THE NEW FRANCHISE CREATION DECISION: THE RELEVANCE OF BEHAVIORAL REASONS
AGUIAR, HELDER DE SOUZA; PAULI, SERGI; YU, ABRAHAM SIN OIH; NASCIMENTO, PAULO TROMBONI DE SOUZA
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Franchising is one of the fastest-growing operating modes in Brazil. In 2014, the Brazilian Franchising Association reported 2,492 active brands in the country. Some theories with an economic point of view, such as the agency theory, plural forms theory, or scarcity principle, explain why companies choose franchising. However, did the decision makers and founders of these franchises decide on this strategy taking only economic reasons into consideration? The purpose of this study is to understand the a priori criteria (prior to the decision) that executives took into account when adopting this strategy and the key motivations for this decision.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: The literature emphasizes the economic reasons for the success of the franchise model, but it does not focus on the founders’ motivations when they choose this strategy. This is the gap that this study seeks to address. Dissonance could arise between economic reasons and entry motivations that could result in consequences for the management of new franchises.
Key methodological aspects: Ten companies of different industries and different life cycle stages involved with the franchise model were scrutinized using a semi-structured questionnaire based on the literature on decision theory and franchising.
Summary of key results: Behavioral factors significantly influence decision makers when choosing the franchise model.
Key considerations/conclusions: This study distinguishes the economic reasons from the executives’ motivations when choosing the franchise model and highlights the importance of non-economic factors in this decision.
KEYWORDS: Decision theory. Franchising. Decision criteria. Franchisor. Decision model.
FRANCHISEE ASSOCIATION AND ITS MEDIATION OF RELATIONSHIP
SILVA, TELMO JOSE MAGALHÃES DA; MELO, PEDRO LUCAS DE RESENDE; ESTEVES, KAREN; GOMES, GIANCARLO
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The objective of this research is to understand the actions undertaken by Franchisee Associations (FAs). We aimed to: 1. identify the role played by FAs regarding their relationship with franchisors; 2. understand conflict procedures alongside with franchisors (by means of FAs); and 3. identify FA’s abilities to play a relevant governance role in franchisee-franchisor relationships.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: This research complements the researches of Dandridge and Falbe (1994), Cochet and Ehrmann (2007), Lawrence and Kaufmann (2010, 2012), bringing up other perspectives regarding practices in managing relationships, and governance methods proposed by the FA, which are aspects not deeply analyzed in other FA studies.
Key methodological aspects: Qualitative research with multiple case studies involving data triangulation. The sample of this study comprised the franchise chain Skill Idiomas, and the interviews involved four Directors, six Franchisees and the Skill franchisor Executive.
Summary of key results: There is a strong sense of trust only among some of the network members, as well as a partial cooperation among them. With reference to the governance, one may point out that the rules and the penalties that compose their policies are well known and applied. The influence of the leaders that form the association’s board of directors and the voting process in FAs is a determining factor for the resolution of conflicts.
Key considerations/conclusions: The lack of trust represented by the other part of the association board and the franchisees indicate that most part of the involved actors does not trust the network of the association. The influence of leaders that compose the membership of the Board was a determining factor in conflict resolution. The way of governance exercised by the FA is applied for all members when rules are infringed.
KEYWORDS: Franchisee associations. Franchise chain. Entrepreneurship. Small business. Relationships.
INNOVATION IN CREATIVE ECONOMY MICRO-ENTERPRISES: A MULTIPLE CASE STUDY
GALUK, MARIANA BIANCHINI; ZEN, AURORA CARNEIRO; BITTENCOURT, BRUNO ANICET; MATTOS, GUILHERME; MENEZES, DANIELA CALLEGARO DE
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Research about how creative economy grew considerably in last years, mainly by the increase of representation that this sector has in the global economy. It is believed that creative economy’s organizations have some characteristics that differentiate them for the traditional areas where creativity is relevant in the innovation process. Thus, this paper aims to analyse the process of innovation in the creative economy organizations.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: Due to still early literature in the Brazilian context, we expect to contribute to it in the business studies field.
Key methodological aspects: We conducted an exploratory qualitative research study on four micro enterprises that are part of the creative industries. The theoretical approach was about innovation in creative organizations, so as it was possible to realize an analysis of innovation in the investigated business from three categories identified in the literature: organization, technology options and customers.
Summary of key results: It was found that these organizations have some characteristics that differ from traditional sectors of the economy, both in the type of innovation and in the way the innovation process is managed. However, it is questionable whether the flexibility that both aids in the flow of ideas and information would be a reality in larger companies.
Key considerations/conclusions: As contributions, this article raised a reflection on creativity and innovation in this segment and also on innovation in creative microenterprises.
KEYWORDS: Innovation. Creative economy. Micro-enterprises. Innovation process. Creativity.
ENTREPRENEURIAL POTENTIAL AND SUCCESS IN BUSINESS: A STUDY ON ELEMENTS OF CONVERGENCE AND EXPLANATION
SOUZA, GUSTAVO HENRIQUE SILVA DE; SANTOS, PAULO DA CRUZ FREIRE DOS; LIMA, NILTON CESAR; CRUZ, NICHOLAS JOSEPH TAVARES DA; LEZANA, ÁLVARO GUILLERMO ROJAS
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The study aimed to verify whether there is a difference of entrepreneurial potential between successful entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs who have failed; and whether there are variables that may work as a means of prediction to the success or failure of an entrepreneur.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: It brings up an innovative approach to the entrepreneurship researches, which main content is in the empirical operationalization of success and failure on business for the testing of specific hypothesis and the identification of the antecedents and consequences of entrepreneurial potential.
Key methodological aspects: The research was conducted on a descriptive and quantitative approach. We applied the scale of entrepreneurial potential in 246 entrepreneurs, which 100 correspond to the analysis criteria, operationally, as successful entrepreneurs (n = 50) and entrepreneurs who failed (n = 50). Data were analysed by statistics techniques of logistic regression and Student’s t test.
Summary of key results: Results show that the successful entrepreneur has higher scores in entrepreneur potential scale than the entrepreneur who failed, in which the main convergence between entrepreneurial potential and business success is the setting business goals. In the investigated sample, the gender showed being a strong predictor of business success, indicating that men have 2.8 times greater chance of success in business than women.
Key considerations/conclusions: In our opinion, the results found shed light on crucial elements to the explanation of business success and corroborate recent results brought by research on entrepreneurship and gender.
KEYWORDS: Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial potential. Success. Failure. Gender.
ISSUE 6 - SPECIAL ISSUE - SOCIAL INNOVATION
PRESENTATION
POPADIUK, SILVIO
INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL EDITION SOCIAL INNOVATION: RESEARCHING, DEFINING AND THEORIZING SOCIAL INNOVATION
BITENCOURT, CLAUDIA C.; MARCONATTO, DIEGO ANTONIO BITTENCOURT; CRUZ, LUCIANO BARIN; RAUFFLET, EMMANUEL
SOCIAL INNOVATION: TOWARDS A NEW INNOVATION PARADIGM
HOWALDT, JÜRGEN; DOMANSKI, DMITRI; KALETKA, CHRISTOPH
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Against the backdrop of clear paradoxes and confusion in prevailing inno vation policies, the contours of a new innovation paradigm, as elaborated in this paper, are becoming visible and causing social innovation to grow in importance.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: However, innovation research is still lacking sustained and systematic analysis of social innovation, its theories, charac teristics, and impacts. The purpose of this paper is to focus on a theoretically sound concept of social innovation as a precondition for an integrated theory of sociotechnological innovation in which social innovation is more than an appendage of technological innovation.
Key methodological aspects: The paper presents first empirical results of the global research project “SIDRIVE: Social Innovation – Driving Force of Social Change” and introduces key findings of a global mapping of social innovation initiatives. This quantitative mapping is based upon 1.005 social innovation ini tiatives.
Summary of key results: The mapping underlines the broad range of actors involved in the mapped initiatives and thereby confirms the need for a cross sectoral concept of social innovation. It reveals a high diversity of social needs and societal challenges addressed by the initiatives as well as a high dependency on networks. The results also show that 90% of the initiatives are scaling.
Key considerations/conclusions: Finally, on the basis of these empirical results, a recourse to Gabriel Tarde’s social theory allows us to widen a perspective which was narrowed to economic and technological innovations by Schumpeter and after him by the sociology of technology, and to include social innovations in all their diversity.
KEYWORDS: Social innovation. New innovation paradigm. Social change. Global mapping. Gabriel Tarde.
EXPLORING VARIOUS APPROACHES OF SOCIAL INNOVATION: A FRANCOPHONE LITERATURE REVIEW AND A PROPOSAL OF INNOVATION TYPOLOGY
GREGOIRE, MAUD
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to clarify the multiple different approaches of social innovation, focusing on francophone literature.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: We propose an in-depth literature review that questions the meaning of the adjective “social” when used by authors to qualify an innovation, that highlights the different approaches of the concept, their relations to each other and their limits, and that illustrates these approaches with concrete examples. Finally, we build on these materials to propose a new innovation typology that wholly integrates social innovation.
Key methodological aspects: The literature review is based on a selection of 25 papers in French – the mother language of the author – which were collected and analyzed using the “theoretical saturation point” method: we stopped the review when we felt there was no new crucial element in the next articles read, that is, when it seemed that a “saturation point” of information had been reached about theories on social innovation.
Summary of key results: The definition of social innovation as new answers provided to unsatisfied or badly-satisfied social demands seems to prevail in the literature. It can be divided into three sub-approaches: the public policies, the social entrepreneurship, and the participatory dynamics, which strikes us as the most interesting, without excluding the others.
Key considerations/conclusions: We propose a new innovation typology, which presents social innovation’s relations to other types of innovation. We conclude with some considerations about social innovation context of emergence, and about its ambiguous position in the neoliberal system.
KEYWORDS: Social innovation. Social entrepreneurship. Non-technological innovation. Service innovation Social and solidarity economy.
SOCIAL INNOVATION AS A PROCESS TO OVERCOME INSTITUTIONAL VOIDS: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL OVERVIEW
AGOSTINI, MANUELA RÖSING; VIEIRA, LUCIANA MARQUES; BOSSLE, MARILIA BONZANINI
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The objective of this paper is to propose a theoretical framework to explore social innovation as a response to institutional voids in a multidimensional analysis.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: Approaching the social innovation of the theoretical lens of institutional theory, in the institutional voids perspective. One of the gaps is to propose a multidimensional perspective that will occur through the examination of multiple actors in different institutional settings.
Key methodological aspects: To support the framework, six theoretical proposals were developed from theoretical gaps identified in a systematic literature review, started in Web of Knowledge database.
Summary of key results: Results indicate dimensions that can be investigated in social innovation initiatives that fill institutional voids. The following dimensions were found: dimensions of institutional contexts (considering different contexts and the interference of political, financial, education/work and cultural systems); dimension of multiple actors (giving voice to different actors who have complementary objectives); dimension of the institutional pillars (cognitive, normative and regulative) and dimensions of social innovation (modify/transform a social need; innovative solution, implementation of social innovation, involve actors and stakeholders and effective results).
Key considerations/conclusions: This framework can be further tested in comparative studies among countries with distinguished levels of development. We identified the importance to analyze different social contexts and the diverse actors who are involved in social innovation initiatives. We identify new areas that are influencing social innovation and we propose new possibilities to investigate this field.
KEYWORDS: Social innovation. Institutional voids. Multidimensional analysis. Institutional context. Stakeholders.
DIMENSIONS OF SOCIAL INNOVATION AND THE ROLES OF ORGANIZATIONAL ACTOR: THE PROPOSITION OF A FRAMEWORK
CORREIA, SUZANNE ÉRICA NOBREGA; OLIVEIRA, VERONICA MACARIO DE; GOMEZ, CARLA REGINA PASA
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To propose a framework that involves the analysis of the dimensions of social innovation and the roles played by the organizational actor.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: The challenge here was to outline a framework within the Brazilian context, contributing as an instrument to the decision making of the organizational actor, serving as guidance to better com prehend social innovation initiatives that they promote, as well as characterizing the roles that they should play in order to better promote and advertise the imple mented social initiatives.
Key methodological aspects: The study was of qualitative nature, and the case was a network created by organizations of the civil society that manage social innovation (Articulação do Semiárido Brasileiro – ASA). The NGOs linked to ASA, which works within the Brazilian states of Paraíba, Pernambuco, and Rio Grande do Norte, were the analysis units of the case surveyed. The Analysis of Contents was adopted for data handling, supported by the software Altas.Ti.
Summary of key results: The organizational actor has a leading role among social innovation initiatives, as a legitimate representative of society’s interests in arti culating bottomup initiatives (actors); in identifying nonsatisfied social needs (social needs); as a manager of social relationships, especially when it comes to governance and participation (process); pointer of innovative capacity of the ideas implemented (innovativeness and promoter of the social benefits provided in the community (social improvements and answers).
Key considerations/conclusions: Based on the roles identified, it is possible to map out the actions of the organizational actors, helping them in their tasks of planning, implementing and disseminating social initiatives, which results in a model that is both operational and analytical.
KEYWORDS: Social innovation. Organizational actors. Social needs and process. Social improve ments and answers. Innovativeness.
SCALING UP SOCIAL INNOVATION: A META-SYNTHESIS
MORAIS-DA-SILVA, RODRIGO LUIZ; TAKAHASHI, ADRIANA ROSELI WÜNSCH; SEGATTO, ANDREA PAULA
ABSTRACT
Purpose: This paper aims to analyze how features raised in the case studies in the field of social innovation, from the meta-synthesis methodology proposed by Hoon (2013), indicate factors that promote social innovation scalability.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: The number of publications on SI, despite an increase perceived, is still limited. Consequently, researches dedicated to understand the scalability of the process of SI are still scarce, thus constituting a gap research.
Key methodological aspects: To achieve the objective of this research, we followed the eight meta-synthesis steps proposed by Hoon (2013) which is an exploratoryinductive research design for synthesis of primary data collected through case studies whose primary purpose is to build theory. It was analyzed 66 articles identified in the Web of Science database, nine of them were selected to join this meta-synthesis.
Summary of key results: The findings of this research can be summarized in the concept proposed “environment favourable to the scalability of a SI” with features of the internal environment, divided between aspects of the entrepreneur and the organization, and settings of the external environment, mediated (or not) by a bridge organization.
Key considerations/conclusions: The findings of this study advance the SI literature in two main points: Concept proposition of “environment conducive to the scalability of a SI” and to draw attention to the field of study on the promoting factors of continuity and growth of a SI. As for the practical contributions, the results of the research can help social innovations managers in the expansion phase of its operations, suggesting some elements to consider.
KEYWORDS: Social innovation. Scalability. Enlargement. Meta-synthesis. Creating social value.
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH SOCIAL INNOVATION IN INDIGENOUS SOCIAL ENTERPRISES
MAGUIRRE, MARIO VAZQUEZ; RUELAS, GLORIA CAMACHO; TORRE, CONSUELO GARCIA DE LA
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To explore innovative enabler mechanisms for women’s empowerment in a social enterprise and how they promote local development in a Zapotec indigenous community, the third largest ethnic group in Mexico.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: This paper contributes to the extension of social entrepreneurship literature from a gender perspective, exploring the mechanisms that allow women to succeed in highly marginalized indigenous communities.
Key methodological aspects: This paper follows a case study methodology, inductive approach and qualitative methods mainly through 70 in-depth interviews.
Summary of key results: Although the male-dominated culture slows down the democratic and political empowerment of women in the community, mechanisms such as job stability, low-interest microcredits and gender-equality policies in the organization have triggered economic empowerment.
Key considerations/conclusions: The creation of empowering mechanisms within the social enterprise has allowed the Zapotec community to prosper and increase its general wellbeing. Women have been particularly benefited since the organization has given them the opportunity to work, empowering them to create micro-enterprises and changing the prevailing culture towards a more equalitarian society. Increasing control of their source of income has improved women’s willingness to participate in political and managerial decision-making, inspiring more women in the community to work at the organization.
KEYWORDS: Social enterprises. Women empowerment. Gender equality. Local development. Social innovation.
FAMILY AGRO-INDUSTRY CLUSTERS FROM THE SOCIAL INNOVATION PERSPECTIVE
PATIAS, TIAGO ZARDIN; BOBSIN, DEBORA; GOMES, CLANDIA MAFFINI; LISZBINSKI, BIANCA BIGOLIN; DAMKE, LUANA INES
ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore and understand the Family Agro-Industry Clusters from the social innovation perspective.
Originality/gap/relevance/implications: Social innovation allows us to understand how global issues can be resolved based on local elements. The originality of this study is in the analysis of the cluster as a social innovation, highlighting its formation impacts decisively in the economic and social development of the region in which they operate.
Main methodological aspects: This study had emphasis on semi-structured interviews with governance members from the investigated cluster, as well as on the analysis of the governance meeting minutes since the emergence of the clusters. The analysis of the collected content was performed with NVivo 11 software.
Summary of key findings: Social innovation was analyzed based on the viewpoint of the process, network formation, planning, governance, and results. These ca tegories from the theoretical framework enabled the Family Agro-Industry cluster from social innovation to be explained.
Key considerations/conclusions: Results indicate that the clusters of Family Agro-Industry analyzed can be considered a social innovation because they have the necessary elements for its characterization, emphasizing the governance as a central construct and culture of coalition with actors from the public, private and third sectors in finding solutions for social needs.
KEYWORDS: Innovation. Social. Local clusters. Agro-industry. Family.
