ISSUE 1
PRESENTATION
BATAGLIA, WALTER
CAREER AND FAMILY IN THE MODERN-LIQUID SOCIETY
OLTRAMARI, ANDREA POLETO; GRISCI, CARMEM LIGIA IOCHINS
ABSTRACT
This article stems from an exploratory research which aimed to discern the personal dilemmas related to the banking executives’ career are currently shaped and understand how these dilemmas are twisted with their family relationships. In order to do so, to theoretically support, the following concepts were taken up: dilemma, subjectivity and life style, career, especially in the light of the models of borderless and protean career and immaterial work. The interviews were conducted with fourteen representatives from the family of the banking executives. The structured interviews were conducted with the family members in their homes or in stores suggested by them. Data were analyzed in a qualitative way. Results suggest the existence of dilemmas related to spatial and functional mobility and social life dispossession. The existence of these dilemmas is not a novelty. However, nowadays they take over the individual’s professional and personal lives regardless of time and space limits. This, in turn, affects the executive and his family’s way of life. Such configuration is connected to a “model” of meteoric professional career, which is the responsibility of the worker alone, in a context where immaterial work prevails. Whatever the choice of the executive and the family, both suffer the consequences of their decisions. Under the metaphor of modern-liquid society, it was possible to reflect on the theme of the fluidity of existence and thus consider the construction of career paths also as liquid, fluid, sinuous. The metaphor of sinuosity allowed to think that the construction of career may be uncertain, insecure and vulnerable. The results also showed the lack of contact with the family since offering family time would no longer be in this promising relationship network directly linked to professional success. Thus, from the look of the family about the dilemmas experienced by bankers, it was observed lifestyles that are associated with liquid-modern society.
KEYWORDS: Career. Dilemmas. Banking executive. Family relations. Lifestyle.
THE ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTIFICATION PROCESS FRONT OF ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY
MARRA, ADRIANA VENTOLA; FONSECA, JEFERSON ADERBAL; MARQUES, ANTÔNIO LUIZ
ABSTRACT
This paper aims to examine how to configure the identification process of public servants of Minas Gerais forward the implementation of Individual Performance Evaluation and Productivity Award. The theoretical discussion is grounded in the Theory of Social Identity and in the works that discuss the process of identification with the organizations such as Ashforth and Mael (1989), Pratt (1998), Dutton, Dukerich and Harquail (1994), and Ashforth, Harrison and Corley (2008). The focus of this study was restricted to the perception of the interviewees about their own process of identification, through the new instruments for managing people deployed by the State Government. Following these assumptions, organizational identification is seen as the possible ways of social identification. According to the intensity, those identifications are configured to over identification, misidentification, ambivalent identification and neutral identification. The empirical research was exploratory and qualitative. We made observations and interviews with public servants from Minas Gerais. The analysis demonstrated that the interviewed policemen have an ambivalent identification. The various intensity levels of organizational identification involved the appropriation of attributes and values associated with the organization’s identity and the identity of its members. However, this identity needs to be modified during organizational change, enacting its members the new values and attributes in the new situation. These values and attributes have to be desirable by its members previously to decrease the resistance changes. Despite of their pay and professional recognition are recurrent in the appointments, the Productivity Award and Performance Evaluation Individual (ADI) didn’t constitute factors that actually influenced the policemen identification process.
KEYWORDS: Identification process. Organizational identification. Administrative reform. Performance evaluation. Productivity award.
CHEATING, PLAGIARISM AND OTHER FRAUDULENT ACADEMIC PRACTICES: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF BUSINESS UNDERGRADUATE AND GRADUATE STUDENTS’ BEHAVIOR
VELUDO-DE-OLIVEIRA, TÂNIA MODESTO; AGUIAR, FERNANDO HENRIQUE OLIVEIRA DE; QUEIROZ, JOSIMEIRE PESSOA DE; BARRICHELLO, ALCIDES
ABSTRACT
Fraudulent activities in the corporate world have been a growing societal concern and may be associated with failures in the educational system. The objective of this study is to analyze the behavior of Business students when it comes to dishonest academic practices such as cheating and plagiarism; the theoretical basis for the development of this research is the work of Chapman, Davis, Toy e Wright (2004). In terms of theoretical scope, this study discusses ethics, competitiveness and the Brazilian jeitinho, as well as the use of fraudulent academic practices in Brazil and worldwide. A survey was implemented and a questionnaire was answered by 164 graduate students and 179 undergraduates. The questionnaire asked about views on several situations involving academic fraud, including a question whether students, as well as their friends and acquaintances, had participated personally in any of these practices. The questionnaire also explored respondents’ behavioral intentions in the face of four different fraudulent academic scenarios, in the light of their relationships with others, whether friends or otherwise. In addition, respondents indicated their level of agreement with beliefs related to dishonest academic activities. In the analysis, univariate and bivariate statistical techniques, such as the t test and correlations, were used. The results show that over 70% of students in both courses have been involved in fraudulent situations in the classroom and more than 90% of them believe that other students have participated in academic fraud. The disposition to cheat is greater when friends are also involved. Graduate students tend to minimize the seriousness of fraudulent acts in universities. This article suggests that educational institutions should act to reduce cheating and plagiarism, but also to promote the integrity that should guide academic and professional conduct. Understanding academic behavior in the face of dishonest practices can help to predict and prevent dishonest behavior in the corporative world.
KEYWORDS: Higher education. Cheating. Fraudulent academic practices. Business administration. Ethics.
POLITICAL CONNECTIONS IN OWNERSHIP STRUCTURES: THE GOVERNMENT AS A SHAREHOLDER IN A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS
BREY, NATHANAEL KUSCH; CAMILO, SILVIO PARODI OLIVEIRA; MARCON, ROSILENE; BANDEIRA-DE-MELLO, RODRIGO
ABSTRACT
With the growing interest in the economic literature on government activism, one realizes that the government starts to influence the economic and productive activity in Brazil more intensely (Fucs & Coronato, 2011). From the perspective of the theory of corporate political strategy, the main objective of this work is to analyze the structure of ownership with government shareholding in Brazilian companies listed on the BM&FBovespa, on the period 1999-2010. The study explores the government´s presence in various spheres which they federal, state and municipal structures owned Brazilian companies listed on the BM&FBovespa, which demonstrates its uniqueness in relation to other studies in the country. Considers two forms of government identification as a shareholder: direct (public companies, state-owned company, federal authorities, national development banks or regional development funds and social funds social participation), indirect (pension funds by state-owned enterprises), segregating in the majority or minority stake. Among the main results, first confirmed the assumption of previous studies that investigate the ownership structure in Brazil, that the majority of Brazilian companies listed on the BM&FBovespa have the concentrated structure of ownership, indicating the presence of the figure of a controlling shareholder, in which it was found that on average the largest shareholder owns 62.77% of the voting capital and 49.78 of the total capital of the company. Also the results indicate that the government, when you compose the ownership structure of firms has a significant share in the economy, even participated directly 13.71% of public companies traded on the BM&FBovespa. Since past 12 years, he owned on average 49.72% of the shares with voting rights and 39.01% of the total shares of each company, indicating that the government controls the companies when directly involved with them. So noticeable that while the government diversifies its corporate relations in sectors as this is not only concentrated in a few sectors, most is present in all sectors of the economy at different levels of performance.
KEYWORDS: Ownership structure. Political connections. Corporate political strategy. Government. Privatization.
ATTRIBUTE SELECTION IN BANKRUPTCY PREDICTION: APPLICATION AND EVALUATION USING RECENT BRAZILIAN DATA
HORTA, RUI AMÉRICO MATHIASI; ALVES, FRANCISCO JOSÉ DOS SANTOS; CARVALHO, FREDERICO ANTÔNIO AZEVEDO DE
ABSTRACT
Bankruptcy prediction may have great utility to financial and nonfinancial institutions with regard to take in advance the best possible decisions regarding loans or investments. In specific literature, many bankruptcy prediction models have made use of data mining. The preprocessing step is important to select good quality data for use in mining operations. Still, although the selection of attributes can be very beneficial to pre-select representative data to improve the forecast performance end, it is not known which method is the best selection. This work has as main objective to compare two approaches for evalua ting subsets of attributes: Filter and Wrapper. Despite being based on data mining techniques and widely used in the step of feature selection in bankruptcy prediction models, these techniques are rarely used to treat data from financial statements of Brazilian companies. Therefore the empirical basis of this study consists of a sample of Brazilian industrial and commercial enterprises, collecting data for the period 2004 to 2011. The results indicated that, in this sample, the filter approach was more efficient, providing better classification results both for logistic regression (91,80%) and for neural networks (93,98%). It was shown also the importance of making explicit the evaluation stage of the selection of attributes for achieving better results in applications of data mining techniques to predict insolvency. A specific conclusion about the advantages of the filter approach shows that it may be preferred to assess the attributes that will make predictive models.
KEYWORDS Financial indicators. Forecast insolvency. Data mining. Attribute selection. Filter and wrapper.
THE ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING MARKET CONSTRUCTION IN BRAZIL BY MEANS OF MARKETING PRACTICE
MEDEIROS, JULIANA; VIEIRA, FRANCISCO GIOVANNI DAVID; NOGAMI, VITOR KOKI DA COSTA
ABSTRACT
This article presents a study on the construction of the electronic publishing market in Brazil. It develops an analysis that considers all agents involved, directly and indirectly, as well as the practices (exchange, normative and representational) used for such agents to shape the market for the introduction of e-books in the Brazilian market. The theoretical basis for the article is grounded in the literature of market-making, which involves the assumptions that the specialized knowledge in marketing is performative and shapes markets; the market making involves framing and overflowing; markets are hybrids and collective; and markets are the result of practices. The methodological procedures used were related to qualitative research, in a descriptive way, by means of content analysis of secondary data collected in reports and documents of entities and associations of the Brazilian publishing market, as well as primary data that were collected in fieldwork by conducting observations in events intended for the publishing market, and semi-structured interview with representative of the associations linked to the publishing industry. The results indicate repositioning in the market through marketing strategies related to local culture (exchange practices); spectacle of reality through images and statistics that represent how is, and should be, the electronic publishing market (representational practices), and actions to the government in order to ensure the interests of market agents and also attempt to provide the ability for agents who can represent the market before the government sphere (normative practices). Practical, sectoral and public policy implications arising from the study are, respectively, the need for creating new shopping experiences by marketing managers whose organizations operate in the publishing market; the need for organization of market agents by means of associations and entities for the dissemination of the new business model; and the need for regulations and norms for the consolidation of the new market.
KEYWORDS: Market construction. Market practices. Marketing practices. Electronic publishing market. E-books.
QUALITY MANAGEMENT AS A RESOURCE OF TRANSACTION COSTS REDUCTION: EMPIRICAL INPUTS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL FRUIT TRADE
CARVALHO, JOSÉ MÁRCIO; THOMÉ, KARIM MARINI; LEITÃO, FABRÍCIO OLIVEIRA
ABSTRACT
Fruit is a highly perishable product, susceptible to biological, physical and chemical hazards. All these risks are higher when fruit are transacted in international trade. In this case fruit suppliers and fruit buyers are exposed to elevated transaction costs, since both sides need to deal with questions like product specifications, post-harvest processing and logistics. Quality management can be employed in order to organize all production, processing and logistics operations. Our aim in this paper was to verify if producers, exporters and importers of fruit are making use of quality management concepts in order to reduce risks and transaction costs. As investigation method, semi-structured interviews were conducted in Brazil and the UK. The content of the semi-structured interview questions was chosen based on the literature review of TCE, the international fruit trade and quality management. The questions were carefully chosen to reveal the factors which are determinant for the configuration of transaction arrangements in the fruit trade. The topics investigated were: the technical activities performed by the organisations operating in the fruit commerce; the main types of commercial clients (partners) of the firm; the nature of the market type relations maintained by the firm; the level of quality problems perceived by the firm; and the quality management strategies adopted by the firm. These topics served as the foundation for the elaboration of the main questions and the probe questions. They also gave the direction for possible follow-up questions. The results of the interviews support the idea that quality consciousness is fundamental in the fruit trade. The majority of companies approached in the research were shown not to perceive as a problem the several parameters that affect the quality of the final product. In other words, the results suggest that firms that are incapable of handling quality issues satisfactorily find little place in the fruit trade. Quality management concepts are commonly employed in order to guarantee product specifications and rationality in the operation processes and, by doing so, it contributes to reduce transaction costs between the trading parties.
KEYWORDS: Transaction Costs Economics. Quality management. British-Brazilian trade. International trade operations. Product specifications.
AGENCY AND SMALL WORLDS NETWORKS: A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS OF ACADEMIC PRODUCTIVITY
ROSSONI, LUCIANO
ABSTRACT
This paper aimed to evaluate empirically the capacity of the agency of researchers in the field of strategy and management research in Brazil while embed in small worlds networks. Therefore, first we evaluated the effect generated by agents in terms of productivity. Then, referring to the structural dimension of context of action, we proposed that, in co-authorship networks, both the privileged position of the researchers in terms of structural holes as the factions of the network configuration in the form of small worlds can be one of the elements that enable the agency. The analysis of how social structure influences the behavior and performance of individuals is primarily based on studies of social network analysis, in that even if acknowledging the limitations, it is as fruitful and coherent methodological framework. However, in parallel, multilevel statistical models have been employed. Commonly knowing as hierarchical linear models or HLM models, they seek to evaluate how context affects social action. Given these two possibilities, this study sought to reconcile the network analysis with hierarchical models to assess the agency as socially immersed in networks of relationships. Thus, the scientific field is taken as a type of social system, whose networks of co-authoring relationships are evaluated as structural dimension in terms of position-practice. That’s because there is evidence that the relationship structure interfere both in the process of institutionalization of the shares, as the capacity for agency researchers. We found that the small worlds networks affects the academic productivity both collectively and individually, as well as the presence of structural holes at the individual level. These results point to the importance of assessing the capacity of agency while embed in social networks, since different mechanisms of social capital conditioning the actions.
KEYWORDS: Agency. Structure. Small worlds networks. Structural holes. Academic productivity
issue 2
PRESENTATION
BATAGLIA, WALTER
CORPOREALITY AND AESTHETICS IN THE ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING: EMERGING INSIGHTS
BERTOLIN, ROSANGELA VIOLETTI; CAPPELLE, MÔNICA CARVALHO ALVES; BRITO, MOZAR JOSÉ DE
ABSTRACT
This essay aims to reflect on the importance of embodiment and aesthetic knowledge in theoretical advancement of organizational learning. The theorizing of organizational learning has been directed towards overcoming the dichotomies traditionally rooted in the social sciences settled in traditional dualities as subject/ object, mind/body, individual/organization. The emergence of new studies point to the need to enhance the themes of the body and aesthetics to broaden the understanding of organizational learning. Thus, the objective is to discuss organizational learning from the perspective of the theory of aesthetics in which the embodiment is particularly relevant. One of the most important contributions of the aesthetic approach is to seek to overcome such dichotomies that make up organizational life and society. From the moment in which the constitution of knowledge bases are questioned and is not only logic, but also aesthetic sensitive and a number of other issues arise together. The aesthetic knowledge, fruit of corporeality in interaction, is constantly activated by feelings, desires, emotions, representations about the organization and its shows underlie the choices of actors in interaction. Aims to identify the emergence of new insights that may contribute to the theoretical advancement of organizational learning, thus expanding their understanding. Main insights conclusive evidence the potential of organizational learning and intercorporealty residing in corporeality, which, due to its complexity constitutive demand epistemologies and methodologies expanded organizational practices to clear understanding of organizational learning. It is believed that organizational learning should be seen as a process fluid which is diluted in time and space and practices individual and social bodies and subjectivity in which intertwine to give the specific contours at each point in the process, and both constitute and are constituted in such a process, and are meant to signify, reframe and are reinterpreted.
KEYWORDS: Organizational learning. Corporeality. Aesthetics. Subjectivity. Intersubjectivity.
EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION AND REGULATION IN WORKPLACE: A CASE STUDY WITH PUBLIC SERVANTS
RODRIGUES, ANA PAULA GRILLO; GONDIM, SÔNIA GUEDES
ABSTRACT
Emotions are characterized by a set of integrated responses that involve physiological and motor changes (that prepare the individual to act and feelings associated to internal experiences (allowing an situational evaluation). The emotional expressions are crucial to development and regulation of interpersonal relationships. Knowing how to deal with personal emotions and with others has become an important requirement in the relationships of the individual with the organization. Management of emotions has consequences in relationships among work pairs and in assistance to clients. Everyday work situations, organizational changes and clients and colleagues features involve emotions that need to be regulated. Emotional regulation can be defined as a controlled or automatic attempt in dealing with emotions showing how and why they will be felt and expressed. During the last years, public sector has been submitted to changes in its structure and dynamics that have required emotional management from public workers, demanding empirical studies aiming a better understanding of this reality. The quantitative study showed in this paper analyzed the relationships among emotions, emotional regulations strategies and sociodemographic variables of public workers in southern Brazil. Data were obtained using a questionnaire with examples of hypothetic everyday situations in the work. Participants were asked to choose emotional expressions associated to these situations and strategies of emotional regulation that could be used. The sample was formed by 400. Results indicated that in everyday negative situations the prevalent emotions were associated to anger and the less prevalent were associated to fear. The emotional regulation strategies used to deal with situations were those of deep action. The results also showed the differences in emotional regulation regarding gender, activity level in the public organization and work regimen.
KEYWORDS: Emotion. Emotion regulation strategies. Public service. Organizational psychology. Organizational behavior.
SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS CIRCULATING IN THE MARGINAL PERIOD OF THE RITE OF PASSAGE: THE CASE OF FORENSIC EXPERTS IN PROBATIONARY PERIOD
CAVEDON, NEUSA ROLITA
ABSTRACT
This paper proposes to identify the social representations constructed by forensic experts on probation, therefore standing at the marginal period of the rite of passage. The notion of rite that pervades the article is based on Turner (1974), Van Gennep (1978), DaMatta (1978, 1983), Rivière (1997), Segalen (2000) and Peirano (2003). It is defined as an extraordinary moment when values and knowledge are introduced to initiates in order to incorporate them into the cultural universe they are about to enter. Social representations constructed over this period will present peculiarities inherent to the position held by initiates. According to Sperber (2001), from an anthropological perspective social representations emerge from a composition articulated around the representation itself, its contents, a user and a producer (who might sometimes be the user himself or herself). Mental representations are those constructed inside the user. Public representations are mental representations shared among the members of a given group. Each member of a social group or community has an inner gamma of mental representations; when publicized, part of that knowledge or representations will be shared among the members of the group. Thus, subjects will construct their mental representations based on that first publicized. The ethnographic method made it possible to follow the initiates from the separation stage to the margin moment. Initiates were approached by participant and simple observation from May 2009 to June 2012. The representations that circulated in the liminal stage considered the work as: emotional distress, a positive value, interfering in family life, identified as CSI, positive and negative in the eyes of the police, black humour and lack of resources. It is worth to mention that humility and criticism with positive aspects were practiced, despite the initiates being newcomers to the public service. That confirms theorizing made by anthropologists to whom humility and moderation are the kind of behavior to be expected in the marginal stage of the rite of passage.
KEYWORDS: Rituals. Social representations. Probationary period. Forensic expertise. Ethnography.
TERRITORIALITY AND IDENTITY IN ORGANIZATIONS: THE CASE OF BELO HORIZONTE’S CENTRAL MARKET
SARAIVA, LUIZ ALEX SILVA; CARRIERI, ALEXANDRE DE PÁDUA; SOARES, ARI DE SOUZA
ABSTRACT
In this paper we analyze relations between territoriality and identity in organizational context, advancing in perspective of identity about what is distinctive, enduring and core in an organization. Our research was conduced in Central Market of Belo Horizonte (Brazil), place of multiple practices – like as bohemian, buyers, goer and tourist’s ones – in which Minas Gerais’culture is presented in several nuances, an adequate research object because it permits observation of complex phenomena. Under a qualitative approach, 40 interviews were made with professionals from Central Market of Belo Horizonte to comprehend their vision about the space where they work. This material was analyzed through French discourse analysis. The coexistence of main aspects analyzed – distinctive (commerce), everlasting (church) and central (business office) – demonstrates conflicts as because there is a duplication of functions, as because in organizations there is a quotidian among different people, polarized for some groups that dominate and other who resist. These relationships equilibrate through movements of social actors in their territories around the argument of mutual survival. We have observed that shared beliefs, according Albert and Whetten (1985), also serve to explicit a kind of comprehension of space. And if this is basis idea, it is because it does not limited by purely concrete elements, once it incorporates symbolic point of view. Sharing a multiple practices space, this market has a conjunct of territories which oscillate between harmony and conflicts, once they are dynamyzed by colliding forces in defense of particular group’s interests. Territories, however, in the same way collide, accommodate each other under same ideology, of mutual survival. The territories are not categorized hierarchically, but they have different roles in socially constructed reality. Theirs spaces are not static, either interchangeable: once institutionalized, they become taken for granted appearance, immanent ones. However, what explains balance is that social actors move between territories playing multiples roles. To solve problem related to territory in what they are, what we can notice is a trial of “be part of the game”. It demonstrates that individual essentiality looks for get closer of hegemonic group, initiating an incorporation process of dominant ideology.
KEYWORDS: Territoriality. Space. Identity. Discourses. Central market of Belo Horizonte.
PORTFOLIO SELECTION BASED ON FACTORIAL HETEROSKEDASTIC MODELS: APPLICATION TO FUND OF FUNDS
CALDEIRA, JOÃO FROIS; MOURA, GUILHERME VALLE; SANTOS, ANDRÉ ALVES PORTELA; TESSARI, CRISTINA
ABSTRACT
The modern portfolio theory is based on the idea that diversification of a portfolio results in a better relationship between risk and return. Recently, managers have tried to extend the diversification of their portfolios by investing in fund of funds that, in turn, already contains diversified portfolios. With that comes growing interest from academic and market participants in the selection of portfolios formed by investment funds. In this paper, the applicability and performance out of sample of quantitative portfolio optimization strategies to build portfolios of funds will be analyzed. The performance of these portfolios of investment funds will be compared with the performance of the naive equally weighted portfolio, the Ibovespa index and the fixed income index, IRF-M. To obtain optimal portfolios, restricted to short selling, we determine an optimization problem of portfolios composed of 388 Brazilian hedge (multimarket) funds over five years traded in the Brazilian market. For modeling of the covariance matrix of returns of 388 funds is used a heteroscedastic factorial parsimonious model. Considering different frequencies for the portfolio re-balancing frequency (daily, weekly and monthly), the measures of performance out of the sample show that the optimal portfolios exhibit superior results in terms of volatility, risk-adjusted performance, turnover and transaction costs over time. In particular, the results based on robust statistical tests indicate that the Sharpe ratio (SR) of the mean-variance portfolios and that of the minimum-variance portfolios were statistically different (higher) compared to the SR of the benchmark index in all portfolio re-balancing frequencies used in the paper. Regarding the standard deviation, statistical tests employed in the paper showed that the volatility of the minimum-variance portfolios is statistically different (lower) than the volatility of the benchmark index. Similar results were found when comparing the performance of the optimal portfolios with respect to the Ibovespa index and the equally- weighted portfolio.
KEYWORDS: Multivariate Garch. Dynamic conditional correlation. Performance evaluation. Fund of funds. Portfolio optimization.
THE ROLE OF FOREIGN BANKS IN BRAZIL: CREDIT AND DERIVATIVES MARKETS FROM 2005 TO 2011
OLIVEIRA, RAQUEL DE FREITAS; SCHIOZER, RAFAEL FELIPE; LEÃO, SÉRGIO
ABSTRACT
This study relates to the debate concerning the consequences of the presence of foreign banks in emerging countries. Specifically, this study investigates the role of the group of foreign banks in Brazil between 2005 and 2011, focusing on their activity on foreign exchange derivatives and credit markets. Additionally, it examines the impacts of the international financial crisis of 2008/2009 on bank behavior. The motivation behind this analysis lies on the role of credit and financial risk management on economic development. Foreign banks may impact the rate of growth of the domestic economy by improving credit access to firms. Foreign banks may also have a positive effect in emerging markets by offering foreign exchange derivatives to companies and investors, which are important tools among the set of risk management technologies. In Brazil, foreign banks account for almost a quarter of the supply of non-directed credit during the sample period. Although this analysis does not pertain to causal inference, it indicates that the financial crisis negatively affected the supply of loans by foreign banks, even more intensively and longer than domestic private banks. This observation suggests that the liquidity shock that occurred in developed markets was transmitted to the Brazilian economy. Nevertheless, in the post- -crisis period, namely from the third quarter 2010 until the end of 2011, the growth rate of foreign banks’ lending was larger than those of other banks. In the currency derivatives market, foreign banks, including the smaller ones, play an important role in providing such instruments, especially for the non-financial sector. The results show that, during the crisis and especially in the post-crisis period, domestic private banks reduced their share in such markets. Moreover, we show that this market is less concentrated than the credit market, which is evidence for the importance of the existence of smaller financial institutions.
KEYWORDS: Foreign banks. Credit. Currency derivatives. Crisis transmission. Brazilian economy.
THE IMPACTS OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ON STRATEGIC ORIENTATION, AND INNOVATIVENESS IN ORGANIZATIONAL OUTCOMES: A SURVEY OF COMPANIES OPERATING IN BRAZIL
FERRARESI, ALEX ANTONIO; SANTOS, SILVIO APARECIDO DOS; FREGA, JOSÉ ROBERTO; QUANDT, CARLOS OLAVO
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the results of a survey of 241 Brazilian companies, which sought to investigate whether effective knowledge management contributes to strategic orientation, innovativeness and business results. Data collection was undertaken via self-reporting electronic questionnaires with 54 questions, using 10-point rating scales to measure agreement with the variables that composed the four constructs under study. The Structural Equation Modeling technique was used for data analysis. The research approach is based on the Resource Based View of the Firm, and it presupposes that knowledge is one of the main resources of the organization, and that it is used to leverage the other resources. The results support the conclusion that effective knowledge management contributes positively to strategic orientation. However, it was not possible to verify the positive contribution of these constructs upon the others when only direct relations were analyzed. When mediated by strategic orientation, knowledge management presented statistically significant direct and indirect effects on business results. The impacts of knowledge management and organizational innovativeness were found to be robust and significant when aligned with a strategic orientation that allows the company to anticipate and respond to market conditions. The evidences show that knowledge management permeates the relationships among the other constructs, corroborating the argument that knowledge is a resource that leverages the diverse value-generating activities in organizations. Even though numerous studies explore the constructs presented here, the originality of this study lies on the simultaneous analysis of all of them, oriented by a methodology that allows its replication in other cultures and conditions. In addition, the managerial implications of the study point out that the strategic nature of knowledge management and its practices must be considered before the application of isolated practices to achieve specific objectives.
KEYWORDS Knowledge management. Innovativeness. Strategic orientation. Business performance. Innovation.
issue 3
PRESENTATION
BATAGLIA, WALTER
CONCEPÇÕES TEÓRICAS E VERIFICAÇÕES EMPÍRICAS SOBRE A COOPERAÇÃO ENTRE FIRMAS NO BRASIL: UMA INTRODUÇÃO AO FÓRUM ALIANÇAS ESTRATÉGICAS E REDES DE ALIANÇAS
VERSCHOORE, JORGE; BULGACOV, SERGIO; SEGATTO, ANDRÉA PAULA; BATAGLIA, WALTER
COOPERATE TO SURVIVE AND GROW: ANALYSIS OF REDEMAC COOPERATION NETWORK
FEIJÓ, RODRIGO MEDEIROS; ZUQUETTO, ROVIAN DILL
ABSTRACT
The alignment of the concepts of cooperation in business associations that seek, through common goals and collective strategies, sustainable competitive advantages in the long term, based on the benefits and outcomes of the network, is the central theme of this research. To support the theoretical framework above, we sought to literature based on the following authors: Human and Provan (1997), Ebers and Jarillo (1998), Balestrin and Verschoore (2008), Powell (1998), Jarillo (1998), Castells (2012), Provan, Fish and Sydow (2007), among others. The object of study is the case of the cooperation network Redemac Building Materials. Was used for both, qualitative research techniques with in-depth interviews with three executives who participated or participate in the process of institutionalization of Redemac. The aim was to examine the formation, development, benefits and results of association of companies, which became a success in forming a cooperative network. Finally, we tried to add the vision of a shopkeeper who joined the network, observing the results from the purposes of cooperation. The results indicate that Redemac is an association of companies that achieved great success in the scenario gaucho following the collaborative paradigm in order to maximize benefits from information exchange, gains in scale, cost savings, sharing marketing, increasing the bargaining power with suppliers and thereby creating barriers to entry for new competitors, in order to make it more competitive to face the major players in the industry. Ratified, so the idea that the use of collective strategies in the sector can bring competitive advantages in the long term.
KEYWORDS: Networking. Cooperation. Redemac. Collective strategies. Competitive advantages.
INFLUENCES OF TRANSACTION AND MEASUREMENT COSTS IN THE RELATIONSHIPS INVOLVING MEMBERS AND COOPERATIVES OF SWINE
AGRICULTURE SYSTEM
MARTINS, DANIELE DE LOURDES CURTO DA COSTA; SOUZA, JOSÉ PAULO DE
ABSTRACT
This article seeks to discuss the relationship between the cooperative and cooperative transactions specifically swine, which involves attributes of the transaction and measurement dimensions. Therefore, the aim of this article was to understand how the attributes of the transaction, proposed by Williamson (1985), and the measurement, proposed by Barzel (2005), may influence the contractual relations between producers and processors in swine cooperative structures, located in the west of Paraná. In order to attend this goal was performed a descriptive qualitative research in two cooperatives in western Paraná. Data collection was carried out by obtaining secondary data from the Organization of Brazilian Cooperatives, Research Institutes, Department of Agriculture and agencies related to the swine activity. In relation to primary data, data was collected through a semi-structured interview with cooperatives and producers. As a result it was found that the governance structure used by cooperatives was characterized as hybrid, which even with the presence of highly specialized asset is justified by the possibility of measurement. The contracts between the parties are formal and informal. On the other hand, the presence of agreed issues, which involve some degree of accuracy and measurement, may generate loss of property rights, primarily for producers. On the other hand, the presence of agreed issues, which involve some degree of accuracy and measurement, may generate loss of property rights, primarily for producers. It was also identified that contracts play a dual role in the relationship between the parties: 1. creating a balance in the relationship and reducing the possibility of opportunistic behavior, given the specific investment made and the need to obtain standardized product and process; 2. using also as a mean in order to keep the swine cooperated producer as a faithful partner in the cooperative, acting as a form of support between the agent and the principal.
KEYWORDS: Transaction costs. Cost measurement. Contracts. Cooperatives. Swine chain.
TRUST IN AMBIVALENT AND INCONSISTENT SITUATIONS: THE USE OF VIGNETTES AS AN EXPLORATORY METHOD
KIRSCHBAUM, CHARLES; HOELZ, JOSÉ CARLOS
ABSTRACT
The aim of this paper is to suggest the use of vignettes to explore how individuals interpret situations where there is ambivalence in relational characteristics with partners. Therefore, it was investigated how individuals in a software producer firm interpret concrete transactional situations and elaborate their perceptions of the relationship between trust and control. Respondents were presented vignettes. Upon their reaction to these vignettes, we collected qualitative reports that display how their assumptions led to “closure” of the situation. The analysis of the data suggests that this “closure” occurs through several alternative mechanisms: 1. selective censorship of conflicting signals, 2. inclusion of nonexistent assumptions in the original narrative, 3. focused search for additional information, and 4. critical reflection on co-responsibilities. This paper sought to use the approach of Swidler (2001), where the use of vignettes seeks to highlight the cultural elements mobilized in the interpretation, formation of judgments and establishment of metaphors and analogies by individuals. The adoption of a mechanism over the other may have important implications for inter-organizational relations research. From a methodological point of view, the exploratory research approach combined with the use of vignettes might be an interesting qualitative tool, especially in contexts where the researcher is interested in opening the “black box” of a variable of interest. This approach allows a privileged access to individuals’ repertoire of narratives. Each vignette reflects a situation that places the interviewee in a situation where she is led to evoke values, beliefs, attitudes and narratives that would not be collected otherwise. Thus, this paper suggests that the development of vignettes are an important exploratory tool, not only for theoretical, but also for business teaching.
KEYWORDS: Vignettes. Inter-organizational trust. Repertory. Narratives. Dissonance.
STRATEGIC ALLIANCES IN THE ARENA OF ART/CIRCUS BUSINESS
QUARESMA JÚNIOR, EDSON ANTUNES; SILVA, EVERTON RODRIGUES DA; CARRIERI, ALEXANDRE DE PÁDUA
ABSTRACT
The objective of this paper is to study the alliances contribution for companies longevity, having as object a field almost forgotten by management, the circus organizations. Despite the economic and symbolic importance, the sector is poorly studied from a view point of their management practices. In this sense, the problem proposed is to identify the extent to which the researched organizations realize alliances that generate competitive benefits. The research focus is partnerships with licensed brand icons of the Brazilian children’s entertainment, as Patati Patatá, Lottie Dottie Chicken and Monica’s Gang. A secondary objective sought to generate suggestions for future research on the circus, reason why the theoretical framework on organizational alliances was prepared in a broad perspective, consistent with the early stage of scientific production at segment. Methodologically, a qualitative approach was adopted, based on interviews in three Southeast Brazilian large circuses. Information was worked through discourse analysis. The case studies showed that alliances are a source of value for providing performance gains in the economic, competitive differentiation, and development of adaptive capacity, denoted by an opportunism sense, emerged from partnerships. Another important finding concerns the presence of old alliances in everyday circuses. Paths for future academic efforts were also mentioned on: 1. organizational existence modes of circus; 2. organizational boundaries fluidity and extent; 3. subordination relationship and power games between the involved parties, with emphasis on ambivalence generated by alliances, expressed by the paradox of flexibility conquest versus competitive constraint; 4. social ties influence both in alliances selection and in their coordination; 5. contractual relations in circus industry; 6. a depth identification of shared resources. Finally, it’s required to point out that findings raised can not be generalized, due to the investigated population cut.
KEYWORDS: Strategic aliances. Circuses. Partnerships. Circus organizations. Family entertainment.
BEYOND THE ECONOMIC VIEW OF STRATEGIC ALLIANCES: SOCIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE CASE OF UNIHOTEIS
VIZEU, FABIO; GUARIDO FILHO, EDSON RONALDO; GOMES, MARCELO ALVES
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the phenomenon of strategic alliances through a sociological perspective as a counterpoint to prevailing economic view, which privileges a conception of rational actor in a utilitarian and contractual basis. The case study investigates the process of constitution of a strategic alliance in the hotel industry in Brazil. Interviews and documentary data were analyzed qualitatively through traditional content analysis and oral history technique. The results revealed relevant emergent sociological aspects concerning strategic alliances which formed the basis for the establishment of four analytical propositions: 1. the process of constituting strategic alliances is influenced by the activity of different interested actors distributed in the political arena, whose actions are guided not only by utilitarian expectations, but also symbolic; 2. the effort of incumbent actors to justify and legitimize a project of interorganizational cooperation and to mobilize other actors in favor of ideas and interests that are consistent with this project influences the process of constituting strategic alliances; 3. principles, categories and shared understandings of interorganizational cooperation, built on the interaction of the constituent actors with external agents, determine the formal and relational arrangements in the process of constituting strategic alliances; 4. the constitution of strategic alliances depends on how organizational actors interpret their membership as desirable or obligatory in a given social context. We conclude in favor to a complementary approach between economic perspective and sociological view in strategic alliance studies, which recognize the social embeddedness of the economic actors as well as the relevance of the institutional dimension of organizational environment. In doing so, we believe the economic approach will benefit from a more complex and comprehensive understanding of strategic alliances.
KEYWORDS: Strategic alliances. Sociological analysis. Cooperation. Economic perspective. Hotel industry.
STRUCTURAL AND SPATIAL EMBEDDEDNESS IN STRATEGIC NETWORKS: ATTITUDINAL OUTCOMES IN DIADIC LEVEL
VIZEU, FABIO; GUARIDO FILHO, EDSON RONALDO; GOMES, MARCELO ALVES
ABSTRACT
This paper objective is to dimension the effects of structural and spatial embeddedness on the attitudinal similarity of strategic networks agents characterized as local productive system (LPS). The theoretical background highlights the structural and spatial embeddedness on strategic networks and also on the agent’s attitudinal similarity. It is argued that the degree of similarity between two agents in terms of structural and spatial embeddedness will be related to the degree of attitudinal similarity in strategic networks as LPS. More specifically, it is argued that the identification of agents with your network and the evaluation that these agents are coordinating the performance of the network in seeking external support for development of the arrangement shown as two important variables in terms of the degree of cooperation among agents and collective and individual performance. As a driver or inhibitor of interactions the spatial embeddedness is the element that has the large potential to complement more readily the analysis of the influence of structural embeddedness on the similarity between social actors regarding the higher degree of attitudinal agreement or behavioral uniformity. The analysis occurred in the dyadic level because it is the micro locus of reproduction and transformation of logics or social patterns, the biggest spectrum e because it affects the network system and societal level as a whole. It was employed the Multiple Regression Quadratic Assignment Procedure (MRQAP) to test the hypothesis. The number of observations was 600 dyads generated by 25 organizations. The results reveal that similarity in structural prestige and clustering coefficient ego relate positively with similarity in agent network identification. Regarding to spatial embeddedness it was proven the hypothesis that geographical proximity between the agents is positively related with similarity in performance evaluation of network coordination concerning to search external support to LPS development.
KEYWORDS: Structural embeddedness. Spatial embeddedness. Dyadic similarity. Network. MRQAP.
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF WORK CONTRACTS AMONG BRAZILIAN SKILLED WORKERS
AZEVEDO, MARCIA CARVALHO DE; TONELLI, MARIA JOSÉ
ABSTRACT
Over the past decades working relationships have been continuously changed toward more flexible relations vis-à-vis labor relations of the traditional type. These transformations have also reached the Brazilian labor market, even though it has characteristics quite different from those of more developed economies. At the Brazil context, labor relations have always had a strong element of flexibility, since the formal and informal work is equally important in the economy. However, despite the informality in the Brazilian scenario, Brazilian skilled workers remained in stable work bonds, with CLT contracts, during the second half of the last century. But this scenario has been modified in recent decades. Although all these changes in labor market, research about different types of work contracts in the Brazilian market is scarce. Data relating to qualified professionals are even rarer. Considering this situation this paper aims to identify the different types of working contracts among skilled workers in Brazil. The paper discusses the results of empirical research and presents, based on literature and on data from 47 workers’ interviews, 15 variations of work contracts, which could be distinguished from CLT type. Considering these diversity the results of this research indicate that flexible labor relations cannot be taken as a homogenous process. The data also depict a troubling reality. We can say that there is a gap in the Brazilian context between current labor relations and the environment in which they operate. Brazilian society and labor laws are structured based on formal working relations. Organizations often do not know how to deal with a workforce with different contract types, facing complex problems arising from this situation. And workers in general are not prepared to act in this differentiated labor market. We emphasize that the workers are the weakest link in this context, struggling to maximize the positive and minimize the negative aspects associated with labor contracts that differ from traditional.
KEYWORDS: Work contracts. Skilled workers. Labor relations. Flexible labor relations. Brazil.
TRANSFORMATIVE LEARNING THEORY: CONTRIBUTIONS TO MANAGEMENT EDUCATION
ORIENTED TO SUSTAINABILITY
CLOSS, LISIANE QUADRADO; ANTONELLO, CLAUDIA SIMONE
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to understand transformative learning processes – aiming at conscious changes in individuals’ frames of references, through critical reflection on assumptions – that occurred among managers. We investigated their perception about the impact of contemporary problems focusing, in particular, issues related to sustainable development. We discuss the role of management education in the awareness of professionals as to their responsibility in the development of sustainability. The life history method was adopted to carry out the research since it favors the study of management learning processes, allowing the personal, historical, social, institutional and political contextualization of narratives. Seven managers were interviewed, including genders, different age groups, higher education programs, positions and experiences in various sectors, who attended to Masters Courses in different institutions, obtaining sufficient data to analyze and to achieve the proposed objective. The findings show that transformative learning theory and its processes: 1. cannot occur individually, in the midst of contrary social and corporate pressures, but as a process of collective transformation shared by others, amid social and cultural changes, 2. open possibilities for management education that seeks to develop a critical and reflective posture, taking into account the subjectivity of individuals and more inclusive and participatory visions that education for sustainability requires, 3. make it possible the critical insertion of managers in society, incorporating in the teaching and learning process, the social, political, cultural and historical dimensions beyond the intellectual, emotional and moral and not just the economical, favoring sustainable development. We suggest carrying out an action research incorporating the fundamentals of transformative learning in management education programs that encourage sustainability given the potential benefits of critical reflection to achieve its goals.
KEYWORDS: Transformative learning. Critical reflection. Education for sustainability. Sustainable development. Life history.
ISSUE 4
PRESENTATION
BATAGLIA, WALTER
RELEVANT COMPETENCES AND SKILLS FOR A CHIEF OF A DECENTRALIZED UNITS OF CRIMINALISTICS AT FEDERAL POLICE IN BRAZIL
GLORIA JUNIOR, ODAIR DE SOUZA; ZOUAIN, DEBORAH MORAES; ALMEIDA, GUSTAVO DE OLIVEIRA
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to describe the technical competences and skills needed for federal criminalist forensic experts acting as managers in a unit of criminalist Forensic at Federal Police in Brazil, specifically in Technical and Scientific Sectors (Setecs) and the Scientific-Technical Units (Utecs), according to the theory of competences and abilities. Rereading these fundamentals, including social skills, strengthened the theoretical basis for analysis of the results of the empirical phase of this research. From a practical point of view this procedure can contribute to construct a policy for managing people, based on competency, aligned with strategic planning for the development of the organization, optimizing the assignment process to leadership positions, particularly in the area of Criminology, considering the specificities of this area of expertise. We used a questionnaire with 10 questions with professional activity and socio-demographic information, as well as an inventory in which respondents indicated the importance and the degree of mastery of a series of selected competences, derived through literature analysis. After proper approval, the questionnaire was sent to all 53 unit leaders for Federal Police Criminalist offices. The results indicate differences regarding the competencies between the heads of Utec, younger and with shorter experience and the heads of Setec, with longer experience both with forensics and in management. The results also allowed to highlight some technical skills and abilities as being most relevant and to be developed by and for experts, who are or aspire to play the role of managers in the unit of Forensics in the Federal Police. The results also allowed a better understanding of the relationship between competences and abilities, and in practice, helped to clarify the picture of progress and limitations in current management. We conclude therefore that the Federal Government promoted advances in the human resources policy of the Public Service, however, the implementation of a modern personnel management has not yet consolidated, the Federal Police Department. This is evidenced by the lack of skills essential for the managers to operate with excellence the function of managers of Units of Technical Expertise.
KEYWORDS: Competencies. Skills. Leadership positions. Forensics. Brazil Federal Police.
LIQUIDITY COST OF FUTURE CONTRACT TO BM & FBOVESPA’S FAT CATTLE
MARQUEZIN, CHARLES LUAN; MATTOS, LEONARDO BORNACKI DE
ABSTRACT
The liquidity cost is a variable that is not directly known by investors, being as important as other transaction costs involved in futures markets. Its relevance is related to the facts that it may result in the return reduction expected by investors, cause loss of potential market participants, interfere in the price that may not serve more as an information communication role, be essential to the decision of using a prospective contract, besides being a fundamental variable for the opportunities cost of hedgers and speculators. The purpose of the study was to analyze the liquidity cost concerning to the futures contract of BM&FBosvespa’s fat cattle, in the period between September 2010 and February 2013, utilizing intraday data, converting 355,311 registers of trades accomplished. For this, it was used models from Roll (1984), Chu, Ding and Pyun (1996), Thompson and Waller (1987) and Wang, Yau and Baptiste (1997), all largely discussed in the international literature. The results show that although the methodologies adopted are different, three of four methods showed high correlations among them. The contracts analyzed exhibited an average liquidity cost of R$ 0.13 per arroba, being relatively low when compared to the financial volume for each contract. Regarding to determinants, the maturity time had some impacts on results, because contracts over 80 business days until maturity and the ones till five business days had higher liquidity costs. Contracts with less trades accomplished, contracts negotiated and volume were the ones that had the highest liquidity cost. The contribution of this study is to generate fundamental information for market professionals, producers and market agents that take their decisions in uncertain environments seeking to measure the cost of a variable which is not directly presented and which is as important as the other costs involved in the futures contract.
KEYWORDS: BM&FBovespa. Futures contract. Fat cattle. Liquidity cost. Market microstructure.
TIME DEVOTED TO WORK AND FREE TIME: SOCIO-HISTORICAL PROCESSES OF CONSTRUCTION OF WORKING TIME
FARIA, JOSÉ HENRIQUE DE; RAMOS, CINTHIA LETÍCIA
ABSTRACT
This essays aims to discuss how working time exceeds the formal working time from the following three categories of analysis: 1. working time socially necessary or simply working times required, 2. time devoted to work or time available and 3. free time (which comprises the so-called “time socially expendable”, when referring to the idle time and “time socially available”, which is mediated by the speed resulting from the emerging transformations in the contemporary world). The concept of time spent in this essay is part of a theoretical design that tries to capture this category as social and historical construction and not as an abstract arbitrary category. This will be dealt with the conceptions of the temporal structure of working time and free time, trying to understand how the border of working time invaded subtly the spare time of the subject employee, making these fluid times, tense, urgent and flexible. This time trapped not by a thorough control of the activity, to adapt the body to work, but for devices that mobilize the subject from goals and projects, channeling all of their potential for capital purposes. The arguments developed in this essay let suggest that working time must correspond to that time in which the worker produces the equivalent to your own value. Over time is the one that goes beyond the time required. In this way, the working time required does not constitute, in the capital system, working time or time available, because this also includes the time needed to produce the worker own value and the work over time.
KEYWORDS: Time dedicated to work. Necessary labor time. Time available. Free time. Formal workday.
AN INVESTIGATION ABOUT THE TURN-AWAY AMONG THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PROFESSIONALS
RAMOS, EDUARDO AUGUSTO DE ANDRADE; JOIA, LUIZ ANTONIO
ABSTRACT
Two important problems have been noticed quite often regarding the information technology (IT) professionals, namely: the turn-over – in which the IT professional moves to another company but still remains in the IT arena – and the turn-away – in which the IT professional abandons this area in order to play a role in a different area in either the same company or in another, sometimes going to a managerial function. In which concerns to this problem, few research papers were found both in Brazil and abroad. Then, the main target of this work is to understand how and why the IT professionals abandon this area, identifying typical characteristics in this career transition. Thus, from a literature review about career development, research hypotheses were developed in order to be analyzed by the researchers. A multiple case study method with several unities of analysis was applied into two large companies, one in the IT services business and the other in the energy business. Interviews were conducted between May and July 2010 with IT professionals who had migrated to other areas within their organizations, being them considered the unity of analysis. The results accrued from this research unveil that the IT professionals need to have more growing opportunities than either their companies have being able to offer them or it is possible to be offered within the technical arena. Besides, this research points out for the organizations that the IT professionals willingness to move to a non-technical area is more related to a lack of professional challenges and new experiences than to a lack of satisfaction with their professional technical duties. Thus, companies interested on retaining these IT professionals are supposed to present them these opportunities.
KEYWORDS: Information technology professionals. Turn-away. Technical career. Managerial career. Career transition.
THE BRAZILIAN SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT BETWEEN 2001 AND 2010
MENESES, PEDRO PAULO MURCE; COELHO JUNIOR, FRANCISCO ANTÔNIO; FERREIRA, RODRIGO REZENDE; PASCHOAL, TATIANE; SILVA FILHO, ANTÔNIO ISIDRO DA
ABSTRACT
In 1990, as literature review of the human resource management, prevailed case studies as a research method. Since then, as the example of competence management system, new models, systems and technologies have joined the list of prescriptions of the area. Whereas the case study has reduced potential for external validity, the question is to what extent, maintained the tradition of methodological research noted in that decade, there is empirical support for all sorts of norms that prevail in career paths, and same academic, of the area of people management. In this sense, the present study characterizes national production on the human resource management between 2001 and 2010 circulated in all 121 national journals in the area of administration, accounting sciences and tourism, rated between A1 and B4 for the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) and whose editorial spanned topics related directly and indirectly with the proposed focus. With the use of filters refereed by 18 judges specially trained for the task, it was analyzed 197 articles whose central themes were about models, systems, technologies and human resource management policies and practices. The results showed a field marked by empirical studies that describe facets of the management of human resource functions, especially the evaluation, from the public perception of various sampled in a non-probabilistic way at one organization at a time, to which access is given transverse by opinion surveys and case studies operated by questionnaires and interviews that resulted in prevalent use of statistical techniques and content analysis. Thus, it is considered that the accumulated knowledge does not allow the proper generalizations that recurrently come out in the technical and scientific works in the area. Notes on the methodology employed in most studies, especially with regard to the research method and sampling procedures, reveal that the production area longer serves the purpose of describing, or even explain the dynamics of specific topics in the locus that were applied to generate the ideal regulations.
KEYWORDS: Human resource management. Human resource policies and practices. Personnel management. Human resource administration. People administration.
MULTIMARKET FUNDS: PERFORMANCE, PERFORMANCE DETERMINANTS AND MODERATOR EFFECT
MALAQUIAS, RODRIGO FERNANDES; EID JUNIOR, WILLIAM
ABSTRACT
In this paper we analyzed the performance of Brazilian multimarket funds. In order to do so, we used an alternative tool that is related to the study carried out by Amin and Kat (2003). This performance measure represents a non-parametric test that can be used to evaluate funds with non-normally distributed returns. Based on the bootstrapping technique, we created confidence intervals for the Amin and Kat (2003) test in order to ensure more reliability to the performance estimates of the funds, and this procedure could be a methodological contribution to new studies in this area. With data of 107 funds in the period between January, 2005 and August, 2011, and applying the multiple regression analysis, the main results showed that, for the net performance, there is no evidence of extraordinary value added by the funds. This result is in conformity with the market efficiency hypothesis, specifically in the semi-strong form. When it comes to gross performance (which refers to the performance measured before the deduction of management fees and performance fees), in economic scenes without financial restrictions, we found evidences of extraordinary value added by the managers of the funds in the sample. In other words, active management can generate extraordinary value in Brazil; however, in accordance with Jensen (1978), Fama (1991) and also with the already discussed by Castro and Minardi (2009), this extraordinary return is eroded by the costs that are necessary for its achievement. We also show that periods of financial crisis had a significant impact on the funds’ performance. Such periods also showed a moderator effect between the fund’s performance and its determinants, which is one of the main contributions of this paper. These findings may indicate relevant contributions to the theory about investment funds, as similar results about the moderator effect were not found in previous researches.
KEYWORDS: Crisis. Agency conflicts. Market efficiency. Bootstrap. Gross performance.
MOMENTUM IN SHORT TERM: IS IT A GOOD STRATEGY BUYING WINNER STOCKS IN BRAZIL?
SILVA NETO, ODILON SATURNINO; SILVA, VALÉRIA LOUISE DE ARAÚJO MARANHÃO SATURNINO; RABONI, PIERRE LUCENA; OLIVEIRA, MARCOS ROBERTO GOIS DE
ABSTRACT
This paper had as basic objective analyze possible persistence on the short term of the stock returns traded on the Brazilian capital market, in this case, on the São Paulo Stock Exchange (Bovespa). The hypothesis was that winner stocks remains winners and loser stocks trend maintain its returns under of the market return’s media at the period of six months, in a strategy based on momentum effect. This supposition was made having as base the impulsive investor’s behavior in front of stocks with high liquidity, being this calculated for volume in money and supposing that be a relevant variable for the maintenance of good return’s results at the short term. With the purpose to analyze this strategy were formed nine portfolios of stocks classified according to volume on the categories high, medium and low and each other subdivided in groups of winners, medium and losers according to monthly medium return. The formation corresponded to a semiannual period, from October 1994 to March 2011, being the stocks classified according to portfolios formed with basis in volume in money and cumulative abnormal return. According to analysis of portfolios performance after six months (from April 1995 to September 2011), was evaluated the hypothesis of that stocks with high returns in a recent past continuum giving good return’s results on the short term, especially six months of formation and analysis semiannual subsequently. Was verified through time series analysis that was recommended the maintenance of stocks with low volume in portfolio by at least three months. The cross section analysis lead to a multifactor version of the CAPM’s model consisting of the lagged return’s incorporation and of the volume’s natural logarithm, being after rotated the data panel regression. The results confirmed that winner stocks with low liquidity and intermediate volume were the best investment’s options in Brazil.
KEYWORDS: Momentum Effect. Liquidity. Multifactor model. Arima models. Regression analysis.
RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES IN MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES’ DECISION TO INNOVATE
SILVA, GLESSIA; DACORSO, ANTÔNIO LUIZ ROCHA
ABSTRACT
The decision to innovate involves risks and uncertainties and is among the difficult decisions that businesses need to take in their organizational evolution. In this context, the MSEs, for detaining financial constraints in their very own structure, often find themselves and their actions limited and become lesser innovative companies. Given this, one of the alternatives that is presented to these companies is the open innovation model, based on the use of external knowledge in order to add value to the organization, since learning and mutual interaction among a company and its various agents, fostered by the model, allow the sharing of risks and uncertainties and may confer the necessary skills to innovate dynamically and continuously. In this article we analyze how the use of the open innovation model by micro and small enterprises may reduce the risks and uncertainties in the decision to innovate, starting from Hammond, Keeney and Raiffa’s (1999) analysis of risk factors to verify the uncertainties, outcomes, probability of occurrence and consequences of the decision taken. This is an exploratory qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews and literature review. The results show that as micro and small enterprises go through critical times in their organizational performance, seek in the innovation an alternative for survival ahead of new parameters that are imposed on them. However, as these companies have uncertainties associated with the decision to innovate the lack of knowhow and insufficient capital to afford the cost of innovation. To reduce these uncertainties, they seek in the external sources of knowledge the financial, technological, market and competitive support that enable them to innovate and achieve sustainable competitive advantages, having as the results of such innovation model the overcoming of uncertainties, the launching of product, service and process innovations, and improvement of their competitive potential and the formation of an innovation process. Thus, it can be argued that the use of the open innovation model not only reduces the risks and uncertainties related to innovation but also helps those organizations to innovate and improve their organizational performance.
KEYWORDS: Risks and uncertainties. Hammond, Keeney and Raiffa’s (1999) risk factors. Decision taking. Open innovation. Micro and small enterprises.
ISSUE 5
PRESENTATION
POPADIUK, SILVIO
SILENCE IN ORGANIZATIONS: A REVIEW AND DISCUSSION OF THE LITERATURE
MOURA-PAULA, MARCOS JÚNIOR DE
ABSTRACT
This paper aims to present how silence has been studied by management researchers or by those of related fields (e.g., Organizational Psychology or Organizational Communication). It is important to study silence in organizations due to its pervasiveness and various consequences for employees (e.g., stress, anxiety, low self-esteem, and cognitive dissonance), for organizations (e.g., absenteeism, higher levels of turnover, and lower levels of productivity), and for the society (e.g., no reporting of illegal or unethical behavior by organizations). A bibliographical research is carried on based on Brinsfield, Edwards e Greenberg’s (2009) waves of research of voice and silence in organizations, focusing on silence. From the first wave (1970-1980) it is presented the Spirals of Silence and the MUM Effect. From the second wave (1980-2000) it is presented the whistleblowing, principled organizational dissent, organizational justice, issue selling, organizational citizenship, and the deaf-ear syndrome. From the third wave (from 2000 onwards) it is presented the organizational silence, employee silence, job withdrawal, and organizational learning and knowledge transfer. The research, especially in the case of the third wave, has evolved from conceptual and qualitative research designs to a more quantitative approach, what has been questioned by some researchers calling for the need of theoretical and methodological approaches beyond the positivist conception of most papers. The Brazilian research on silence, despite its small volume, contributes to the understanding of the phenomenon as it fits into the current agenda, seeking to build bridges between the knowledge obtained abroad and its relationship with the local culture (case of the whistleblowing), questioning the one-sided approach on a certain topic (case of the organizational silence) or trying to understand the silence as a necessary pause to understanding and learning. Finally, other bibliographical studies about silence may be carried on considering other Latin languages, as well as the Brazilian research may take into account the local culture and its characteristics to develop new studies on the subject, considering also other theoretical and methodological approaches to it.
KEYWORDS: Bibliographical research. Organizational behavior. Organization studies. Voice. Silence.
CARTOON IS ALSO A SERIOUS THING – UNVEILING THE “STANDARD EMPLOYEE” OF MODERN CAPITALIST SOCIETY IN THE SPONGE BOB SQUARE PANTS CARTOON
PAULA, ALESSANDRO VINICIUS DE; PINTO, LAUISA BARBOSA; LOBATO, CHRISTIANE BATISTA DE PAULO; MAFRA, FLÁVIA LUCIANA NAVES
ABSTRACT
Considering the settings in the world of work in modern capitalist society, including its centrality in the life of the individual as the basis of identity formation of human beings, it was adopted a qualitative approach to develop an observational study of a fictitious social environment of children’s cartoon Sponge Bob Square Pants – revealing how it may represent an “ideal model/standard of a good worker” that is presented to the child and young audience. The four episodes discussed here are used as a background for a reflection on the organizational relationships and the dualities/contrasts (pleasure and pain) of perceptions and subjectivities present in this context. It is observed in the episodes analyzed a dichotomy between “good and bad worker”. The episodes portray the antagonism in relation to the work of the main character SpongeBob (that establishes a positive and pleasurable subjective relationship with his work activity, but also alienated) and its antagonist Squidward (which represents the suffering and hardship sphere of work). The four selected episodes have essential components for understanding the importance that work represents in the lives of individuals and how is this dynamic in the current contemporary capitalist model guided by managerialism, which values the high performance and transforms the individual into capital that must be productive at any cost.
KEYWORDS: Identity. Work and subjectivity. Work ideologies. Organizational identity. Observational study.
BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS ENTREPRENEURS IN OWNERS OF SMALL BUSINESS LONGEVAS OF THE VALE DO MUCURI AND JEQUITINHONHA/MG
OLIVEIRA, JOSÉ ROBERTO CAJAÍBA DE; SILVA, WENDEL ALEX CASTRO; ARAÚJO, ELISSON ALBERTO TAVARES
ABSTRACT
Small Business (EB) play an important role for social promotion, ballast political stability and driving force of development, and stand out in job generation and income distribution of a country, therefore, should be encouraged to continue these companies. In this context, appears to be important to know the aspects that would assist in such continuity. The existence of behavioral traits in entrepreneurial business owners would be a facilitator of the same longevity. However, they are incipient works that reveal the presence of these characteristics in a MSE owners. From this, this paper had the main objective to identify the presence of behavioral characteristics attributed to successful entrepreneurs in the MSE owners do Vale do Mucuri and Jequitinhonha/MG. The study is empirical-descriptive, which used a structured questionnaire to collect data, obtaining the return of 283 respondents and analyzed using descriptive statistics and discriminant analysis. The sample was divided into three groups of entrepreneurs categorized by the longevity of companies, to assess a possible difference in the presence of the characteristics, according to the same age. We found that the unique characteristics that differed in the discrimination of the three groups were longevity “Being independent / self” and “Personal relationship and leadership.” We conclude that, from the perception of entrepreneurs, the presence of most of CCE’s would not be directly associated with longevity of the businesses, however, can contribute to the longevity thereof, if reflected in the actions of their owners. Therefore, this research has strengthened the results of Petry and Nascimento (2009), since both those findings as relevant to enterprises of Mesoregion findings, lined in portraying that even the CCE’s being suggested by the theory as elements rather associated with longevity, this effect was not confirmed by empirical tests. Still, managers should cultivate them, because the literature suggests that they can contribute to the improvement of enterprises.
KEYWORDS: Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial characteristics. Business longevity. Small business. Discriminant analysis.
CONFORMITY OF THE MANDATORY DISCLOSURE OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRACTICES
MOURA, GEOVANNE DIAS DE; VARELA, PATRÍCIA SIQUEIRA; BEUREN, ILSE MARIA
ABSTRACT
The goal of this study is to verify whether the companies with higher proportions of intangible assets in total assets and best practices of corporate governance have higher conformity with the mandatory disclosure of such assets. A descriptive research, with quantitative approach, was conducted through document analysis in a sample of 260 companies in six economic sectors of BM&FBovespa. For each company it was calculated the percentage of intangible assets compared to the total assets, the corporate governance index based on the study of Leal and Carvalhal-da-Silva (2007) and the conformity rate of the information disclosed about intangible assets. The results revealed representation of intangibles, generally equivalent to 17% of total assets, but some companies, especially those in sectors with higher proportions, have more significant rates. In quality of governance practices was identified an average rate of 55% and the level of information disclosure on intangibles an average rate of 75%. Pearson’s correlation was positive and statistically significant, corroborating the description in the study purpose. It is concluded that among companies in different sectors of BM&FBovespa, those with higher proportions of intangible assets in total assets and best practices in corporate governance have higher conformity with the mandatory disclosure of such assets.
KEYWORDS: Mandatory disclosure. Intangible assets. Total assets. Best practices. Corporate governance.
FLEX FUEL VEHICLES CONVERSION FOR NATURAL GAS: SHORTAGE PROBLEM AND CONTRIBUTION TO SUSTAINABILITY
BASTOS, SÉRGIO AUGUSTO PEREIRA; FORTUNATO, GRAZIELA
ABSTRACT
Among the existing cleaner energy sources, there is the vehicular natural gas (NGV). Its usage as an energy source in the transportation sector – consumption is projected to increase around 52% worldwide between 2008 and 2035 – and it represents an alternative to reduce environmental damages caused by the increasing use of polluting energy sources. In the social, political and economic contexts, sustainable actions are expected by individuals and firms. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the option of flexible fuel vehicles conversion to natural gas (NGV), considering the contribution for the sustainability as the primary motivator. The real option methodology and Monte Carlo Simulation are employed to model it as an European option, since the decision to fuel the tank with NGV, gasoline or ethanol, in each period is independent of the previous one, such as Bastian-Pinto, Brandão and Alves (2010), regarding the low capillarity of NGV gas stations as an additional factor of incertainty. Therefore, we calculate the value of the flexibility, as a result of such conversion, taking into account the uncertainties related to the fuel prices and the NGV shortage due to the low capillarity of NGV gas stations. The results show that for a 25% NGV shortage – considering the number of NGV gas stations in Rio de Janeiro – a minimum driving distance of 1.200 km is required per month in order to have a positive option value. Besides, the option value can reach 416.8% over the cost of conversion, or 31% of the vehicle value, without taking into account the tax benefits on this fuel given by the Brazilian regulation. The results also suggest that there is a gain embedded in the option related to sustainability, since NGV is a cleaner energy source.
KEYWORDS: Natural gas vehicle. Fuel shortage. Real options. Sustainability. Fuel conversion.
BANKS VERSUS CREDIT COOPERATIVES: AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY RATIOS AND REVENUES FROM SERVICE PROVISION BETWEEN 2002 AND 2012
MATIAS, ALBERTO BORGES; QUAGLIO, GISLAINE DE MIRANDA; LIMA, JOÃO PAULO RESENDE DE; MAGNANI, VINÍCIUS MEDEIROS
ABSTRACT
The objective in this descriptive study is to analyze the efficiency ratio and evolution in the revenues from credit cooperatives’ service provision in comparison with private and public banking institutions. According to data from the Brazilian Central Bank, in 2012, the GDP/credit index corresponded to 55.5%, which cannot be compared yet with that of developed countries, where the ratio surpasses 100%. The sample includes the largest banks and cooperatives, selected based on their “total assets”, totaling an average 69.31% for the banks and 61.33% for the credit cooperatives. To analyze the variables, efficiency ratios and vertical and horizontal analysis of the revenues from service provision were used for the period between 2002 and 2012. The efficiency ratio is an important indicator, as it relates the inputs applied in the production with the products obtained in that process. The analysis of the revenues from service delivery is significant, demonstrating increasing relevance in financial institutions’ financial performance. The obtained results demonstrated that the private banks’ efficiency ratios are the highest among the segments analyzed, followed by the public banks and, finally, by the credit cooperatives. The predominance of the private banks was not affected by the crisis years, as opposed to the public banks, which were bypassed by the cooperative segment in the years 2008-2009 and 2012. In view of the accounts that constitute the ratio, it was verified that until 2006 the commitment of the Gross Income from Financial Intermediation to the structural expenses in the cooperatives was similar to the public banks, but higher than in the private banks. This behavior only differed in 2007-2010 and 2012, which this indicator only dropped in the cooperative segment. In the horizontal and vertical evolutions, it was verified that, despite the significant growth registered by the credit cooperatives and the convergence in the degree of participation among the segments, the share of the revenues from service provision remains higher in the banking than in the credit cooperative segment. This fact may represent a potential element for the cooperatives to explore in the search for efficiency.
KEYWORDS: Efficiency. Banks. Credit cooperatives. Revenues from service provision. Credit market.
SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION IN OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT IN BRAZIL: AN ANALYSIS OF THEMES, AUTHORS AND RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS IN THE PERIOD BETWEEN 2001 AND 2010
PEINADO, JURANDIR; GRAEML, ALEXANDRE REIS
ABSTRACT
This article examined the scientific literature in operations management in Brazil, seeking to identify the themes of greatest interest of researchers and the most active research groups from a sample of 3,224 articles published in 13 national scientific journals the period from 2001 to 2010. In addition to the classification of articles according to their thematic categories also identified the origin of the authors, who were separated according to the area of expertise (management or production engineering) and the institution of affiliation. In general, 18.4% of all articles published in the magazines 3,224 analyzed fall as relevant to the area of operations. The results show sensitive difference between the percentages relating to magazines with origin in administration area, which ranged from 1.7% to 10.9%, and those related to magazines with origin in the field of production engineering, whose percentages ranged from 57.8% to 62.4%. The theme addressed was Logistics Operations management and supply chain, with approximately 20% of the published works. This theme has deserved more prominence in the magazines of administration, with 35% of the total number of papers published, than in production engineering magazines in which totals 14% of published works. The themes service operations and project management/ product development occupy virtually together, the same position, and secondly between the themes of greatest interest, both in magazines and on the administration of production engineering. Notice also that the issues related to the topic and work organization, Ergonomics are barely covered by the magazines, with an average of 2% of the works published. On the other hand, represents 8% of the papers published in the magazines of production engineering. It is believed that the research has been useful so that the researchers can better understand the editorial space that is available for the publication of their research findings, regardless of whether they have their origin in Administration or in production engineering.
KEYWORDS: Operations management. Thematic categories. Scientific publications. Academic production. Production administration.
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND COMPENSATION SCHEME: STUDY IN A CAREER IN PUBLIC TAX AUDIT
OLIVEIRA, MARIA JOSELICE LOPES DE; CABRAL, AUGUSTO CÉZAR DE AQUINO; SANTOS, SANDRA MARIA DOS; PESSOA, MARIA NAIULA MONTEIRO; ROLDAN, VIVIANNE PEREIRA SALAS
ABSTRACT
In the context of Career Audit of Receita Federal was used for about nine years, the system of variable remuneration linked to the assessment of individual performance and the achievement of fundraising goals. From 2008, this remuneration system was replaced by the mode of compensation for pecuniary benefit, set in a lump sum, without bonuses or rewards. The new model marks the end of the performance goals for individual and institutional remuneration. Given this reality, the research aims to answer the following question: What effect will the model change of variable compensation to pay for subsidy issue in organizational commitment in the context of career federal tax audit? The overall objective is to investigate the relationship of organizational commitment in models of variable pay and allowance. For this purpose, are considered two different times so pay: under the regime of variable pay, linked to individual performance and the achievement of organizational goals, and the second time in the form of pay for the subsidy, without any link with organizational goals or individual performance. The research is quantitative and descriptive as to the purposes, using a survey as a method of data collection, with 142 members of the Audit Career RFB located in the 3rd Region Fiscal. The data analysis was performed using non-parametric statistical inference, based mainly on tests of univariate analysis of variance. The results indicate a high degree of organizational commitment on the part of respondents, lack of effect on this commitment to change the system of remuneration that crossed the category and show that auditors and analysts have a preference for fixed-fee model. There was also a perception of negative change in work with the change in the compensation, indicating the need to examine in future studies, such as organizational resistance variables mediate the process of change in pay systems.
KEYWORDS: Organizational commitment. Compensation Scheme. Public Career. Variable Pay. Pay-for allowance.
ERRATA
ISSUE 6
PRESENTATION
POPADIUK, SILVIO
INTRODUÇÃO À EDIÇÃO ESPECIAL DAS MELHORES PRODUÇÕES CIENTÍFICAS SELECIONADAS DO ENEO 2014 SOBRE ESTUDOS ORGANIZACIONAIS BRASILEIROS
IPIRANGA, ANA SILVIA ROCHA; SOUZA, ELOISIO MOULIN DE; TEIXEIRA, MARIA LUISA MENDES
INSTITUTIONAL WORK AND KNOWLEDGE IN NETWORK INTERORGANIZATIONAL: A PROPOSAL TO INVESTIGATE LPAs
JACOMETTI, MÁRCIO; GONÇALVES, SANDRO APARECIDO; CASTRO, MARCOS DE
ABSTRACT
This article aims to provide an outline analysis of local productive arrangements (LPAs) by way of institutional and networks perspectives to evaluate the institutionalization of the LPA model in clusters of firms. Along the theoretical basis of the work, we propose a set of 13 hypotheses that explore new relationships between the constructs used in the analysis. The arguments are based on institutionalist assumptions and introduce the logic of change from the work of institutional actors immersed in an interorganizational network exchanging knowledge through social relation. The scheme of analysis, defined as micro procedure of institutionalization, is built upon acceptance, deployment, diffusion and internalization of standards, knowledge and social actions; taking into account the influence of institutional and relational contexts in the organizational field level. The methodology for empirical treatment of model proposes to initiate research using a qualitative basis through thematic content analysis of the sources of research at the field level; and the intersection of these data on the actors immersed level using quantitative tools. Thus, research is characterized as comparative multiple case study whose individual cases are studied and compared to show similar or contrasting characteristics and achieve a better understanding of the phenomenon. Using the theoretical model can explain how the institutionalization happens in a logical bottom-up rather than a deterministic view based only on the institutional context. The analysis schema proves to be consistent, unique and suitable for evaluating the institutionalization in LPAs, and to empirically test the hypothesis presented. This more focused approach in the agency, taking into account the influence of the institutional context and the character of its evolutionary logic is consistent with comprehensive sociology of Weber, and shows consistency with the epistemological assumptions of social constructivism, resulting in the required use of various methods of research. In conclusion, besides the their contributions, the paper presents a research agenda on institutionalization in clusters and other objects of research, and proposes an empirical test of the model and other institutionalist theories.
KEYWORDS: Institutional work. Widespread knowledge. Interorganizational networks. Local productive arrangements. Institutionalization.
THE GENDER SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION IN BRAZIL: AN OVERVIEW OF ADMINISTRATION RESEARCH GROUPS
ANDRADE, LUÍS FERNANDO SILVA; MACEDO, ALEX DOS SANTOS; OLIVEIRA, MARIA DE LOURDES SOUZA
ABSTRACT
This article aims to map the activities developed by gender research groups in the administration field and to understand the relationships between them. Gender identity is seen as an important social category for understanding power relations and human interactions in organizations. To understand these relations, the methodological approach includes bibliometric and sociometric studies of the production of gender research group leaders, whose work lines or research impacts and actions presented in description of the group are related to gender, supported by descriptive statistics in order to facilitate data viewing. A total of 32 groups were found, and most of them are recent (half of them having less than 5 years of formalization) that have, altogether, 42 leaders that produced, as authors or co-authors, 88 articles on gender, between January 1995 and January 2014, with a concentration in A2 and B3 scientific journals. The sociometric study reveals a low density network of co-authorship, without a centralizing actor, featuring a small number of co-authoring relationships and a limited number of authors who have publications on gender. This information indicates that the issue is not researched by these authors or the gender works and projects are not meant for scientific production. It also indicates the importance of postgraduate mentoring, to spread the subject in different universities and to create and mantain relations of co-authorship between researchers who were at any given time, mentors and mentees. The relevance of the results is in the initial understanding of the scientific field, from the research groups, which constitute a major element to postgraduate programs and scientific production. As limitations, the partial analysis of the groups, only considering the production of group leaders, and the possibility of lagged data in the Groups Directory may undermine the analysis. An in-depth study of scientific literature analyzed by sociometrics, the historical restoration of the groups constitution, and their relationships with research and extension projects funded by agencies are shown as perspectives of future investigation.
KEYWORDS: Gender. Administration research groups. Sociometrics. Bibliometrics. Scientific production.
FROM ARTISAN TO ENTREPRENEUR: THE REFRAIMING OF CRAFT WORK AS A STRATEGY FOR REPRODUCTION OF UNEQUAL POWER RELATIONS
MARQUESAN, FÁBIO FREITAS SCHILLING; FIGUEIREDO, MARINA DANTAS DE
ABSTRACT
At the beginning of the twenty-first century, an activity as old as the craft has been the target of economic incentives from the state and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) operating in Brazil. Intervention actions taken by organizations like the Brazilian Service of Support for Micro and Small Enterprises (Sebrae), aims to transform the Brazilian handicraft production in a generating activity of employment and income, linked to the international consumer circuits and/or tourist activity. In examining the proposals that underlie such interventions, is notorious the speech re-framing craft and artisan identity, through the enhancement of entrepreneurial action and the emphasis on management and on the urgent need to impose to the craftsmanship standards of competitiveness inherent in the capitalist economy. But the new entrepreneurs-artisans have in the redefinition of its activity the appearance of a social integration that fails to materialize itself. Because of the intervention processes that have re-framed the Brazilian handicraft production, we observe certain loss of material and symbolic traits that are peculiar to the craft production, culminating in the naturalization of the entrepreneurial ideology as a model for the configuration of the craft. In this context, what happens is the mere incorporation of more and more people entangled in the world-system that feeds the matrix of the modern/colonial capitalist power. And this process, which emphasizes enterprisation of crafts, trivializes as much as it reproduces the idea of development as a synonym for expansion of consumption capacity. The logic behind this ideology is the notion that the proclaimed freedom that would be inherent in the neoliberal policy lies in the potential of the consumer individual. A commoditization of craft closes a cycle that ultimately remove the autonomy of the craftsman, removes it from an emancipatory perspective and reproduces a situation of dependence in which there is no prospect of change. Social inclusion is a euphemism for the incorporation of new consumers in the mass market.
KEYWORDS: Craft. Comsumption. Enterprisation. Entrepreneurship. Inequality.
ALBERTO GUERREIRO RAMOS: SOCIOLOGICAL REDUCTION CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SCIENTIFIC FIELD OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN BRAZIL
CAPELARI, MAURO GUILHERME MAIDANA; AFONSO, YEDDA BEATRIZ GOMES DE ALMEIDA DYSMAN DA CRUZ SEIXAS SINGER; GONÇALVES, ANDRÉA DE OLIVEIRA
ABSTRACT
The theoretical assay presents the proposal of Alberto Guerreiro Ramos on sociological reduction in the dimension of historical method and parenthetical position as suggested theme to study of scientific field of public administration in Brazil. We seek to dialogue with two questions: “How can we develop a more systematic understanding of national public administration?” and “What we need to (re)meet in order for the national field of public administration become more responsive, better corresponding to local public anxieties?”. Based on Guerreiro Ramos, we suggested that the field uses the meth the methodological use of history studies; and parenthetical-substantive action. The first concerns to the critical assimilation of foreign intellectual that would allow one communitu no to be restrict to other communities experiences to achieve their own historic projects. The second is related to a lucid and active positioning of humans in relation to the factors that influence them, allowing an active set of those in society and especially in economic organizations. Reviving the need of Brazilian researchers use of scientific knowledge and foreign productions in a subsidiary way, once there is an intention of meeting the needs of a reality that, in many points, is presented differently from the realities in which the theories/models have emerged; foster parenthetical-substantive conception of individuals to build models of organization which, althought not excluding, make the organizational economic models to divide spaces with more models designed to ensure the quality of life, self-actualization, the primary social interaction, social satisfactions and participation in the production of public goods.
KEYWORDS: Guerreiro Ramos. Sociological reduction. Scientific field. Public administration. Brazil.
FOUNDING MYTHS, INVENTED TRADITIONS AND MEANING OF CITIES: AN INCURSION INTO OLD AND NEW CATAGUASES-MG
XAVIER, WESCLEY SILVA
ABSTRACT
This paper aims a historical incursion into the formation of Cataguases-MG to understand how founding myths and invented traditions ascribe meanings to cities, which is an object increasingly present within the organizational studies. Invented traditions and founding myths constitute an indestructible link in that traditions represent a past that should be preserved as a way of regaining significant changes in society. This tradition demands ways to be recognized as the new status quo and rely on legal, political, cultural and economics apparatus, being stronger when tradition becomes more cohesive and institutionally supported. This study is based on the examination of local and national public collections dating from 1906 as well as the analysis of works recognized as official biographies of the city. Data were analyzed from a Marxist perspective, so that discourse could be viewed as an ideological element of a superstructure that holds dialectical relationship with the base, with issues of social life. The findings lead to the existence of three cores founding myths relating to the clearing, the foundation and the economic and cultural vocation of the city. The transition between these two last founding myths is central to this work, as it concerns a battle between representatives. The invented traditions are unveiled in this transition period, to the extent that the modernist calling delimits the change from the conservative to the progressive city. The imposed modernist tradition is a result of a dispute over political control of the city, in which one of the groups of participants consisted of industrialists. Thus capital sees in modernist architecture not only the possibility of taking over political control, but also of defining the foundation of a new town, distinct from the one inherited from a coffee economy run by old oligarchies.
KEYWORDS: Founding myths. Invented traditions. Meanings of cities. Materialism. Marxism.
THE DISCOURSE THEORY OF RECIFE’S MULTICULTURAL CARNIVAL: AN ANALYSIS OF RECIFE CARNIVAL PARTY IN THE LIGHT OF THEORY OF LACLAU AND MOUFFE
GAIÃO, BRUNNO FERNANDES DA SILVA; LEÃO, ANDRÉ LUIZ MARANHÃO DE SOUZA; MELLO, SÉRGIO CARVALHO BENÍCIO DE
ABSTRACT
Given the importance of Carnival party to the city of Recife, it is natural that the event involves a plurality of voices present in the construction of meanings related to the party. In this sense, we chose to rely on discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe – which deals with the discursive articulation of different agents around meanings in the construction of a discourse – in an attempt to seek answers to the following question: “How the discourse of Recife’s Multicultural Carnival was formed?”. Looking for ways consistent with the research methodological and theoretical choices we have established, we take a critical approach, post–structuralist and post-Marxist matrix, adopting a qualitative research strategy. The construction of our research corpus took place through two distinct stages. Firstly, through preliminary readings we identified the different relevant groups that set some involvement with Recife’s Multicultural Carnival. Then, research corpus was built, composed by documental research in order to access the discursive sources of our study. Concerning the data analysis, we used the discourse analysis of French strand in conjunction with the discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe. The arguments against the current format of the party demonstrate they do not have enough articulatory strength to challenge all discursive positions that are articulated in favor of Recife’s Carnival. This favorable chain of equivalence seems enough articulated to make sense of the empty signifier “Recife’s Multicultural Carnival”, that points to the cultural diversity as nodal point that propitiates to the official discourse defined by municipal government occupies the hegemonic space around this discourse. The party emerges as a space of diversity and cultural plurality, source of economic opportunity for many agents. Finally, we point out a limitation of this study, as we focused our analysis on public policy arena, the state, not accessing private capital while influencing configuration of the party. In this regard, we point out as a possibility of further studies the analysis of Recife’s Multicultural Carnival from the perspective of private organizations involved in carrying out the party.
KEYWORDS: Carnival. Recife. Discourse theory. Laclau and Mouffe. Politics.
ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE PERCEIVED BY TEACHERS OF BASIC, TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATION
JESUS, RENATA GOMES DE; ROWE, DIVA ESTER OKAZAKI
ABSTRACT
The concept of justice is a social phenomenon that permeate both social life and organizational. The perception of organizational justice concerns the perception of how decisions are made regarding the distribution of results and the perceived justice in relation to these results and it is through it that employees determine whether they were treated fairly, and this perception can influence subsequent attitudes and behaviors of individuals, such as commitment, trust, performance, turnover and aggression. Rego (2001) considers that some professionals, such as teachers, have a different perception regarding the distributive dimension of organizational justice and he developed the scale of perceptions of justice of teachers in higher education with five dimensions: distributive of task, distributive of rewards, procedural, interpersonal and informational. To allow its application in the Brazilian context, this article aims to adapt and validate the scale since it was developed and validated in Portugal To allow its application in the Brazilian context, this article aims to adapt and validate the scale since it was developed and validated in Portugal and analyze how teachers perceive the organizational justice in a public federal institution of basic education, technical and technological. The scale passed by cultural adaptation process as suggested by Guillemin, Bombardier and Beaton (1993) and Beaton, Bombardier, Guillemin and Ferraz (2000). The adapted version was made available to 1,191 teachers, and only 415 completed the questionnaire. The sample was submited to exploratory factor analysis that did not confirm the structure proposed by the model structure, but ensured the validity of the construct and reduced to four the five factors of the model. The sample was then submited to confirmatory factor analysis in which all fit indices showed satisfactory values . The results revealed that teachers have a more positive perception of organizational justice in their interactional and distributive of tasks dimensions and that the substitute teachers perceive more positively than the effective teachers the interactional and distributive of rewards dimensions. For future studies we suggest the application of this scale of justice among teachers in private context and other public educational institutions, verifying the validity of the scale.
KEYWORDS: Organizational justice. Cross-cultural adaptation. Validation. Teacher. Perception of justice.
PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS FOR PROFESSORS IN BRAZIL AND CANADA
BOAS, ANA ALICE VILAS; MORIN, ESTELLE M.
ABSTRACT
Mental health, an important object of research in psychology as well as social psychology, can be determined by the relationship between psychological well-being and psychological distress. In this context, we search to understand: “How do compare mental health of professors working in public universities in an emerging country like Brazil with the one of professors working in a developed country like Canada?” and “What are the main differences in the indicators of mental health in work domain?”. This paper assesses psychological well-being and psychological distress for professors working in these two countries and test for their differences. The sample consists of 354 Brazilian professors and 317 Canadian professors. Data were collected through an on-line questionnaire assessing the following mental health indicators: anxiety, depression, loss of control, general positive affect and emotional ties. We compared the components of psychological distress and psychological well-being to analyse their relations. Additionally, we compared these components with work-life balance indicator. Reliability analyses demonstrated that all tested components are consistent to evaluate mental health. There are small mean differences between Brazilian and Canadian professors in all five components of mental health, but these differences are not statistically significant. Mean differences for work-life balance, gender, age, and bias of conformity are statistically different, although the size effects are small. Linear regression analysis, step by step, controlled for life events, showed that general positive affect, anxiety and emotional ties predict 31.5% of the scores of work-life balance. Additionally, we observed that Brazilian professors find more balance between professional and private life than do their Canadian colleagues. Promoting mental health is a challenge for public management sector, thus, public managers and governmental organizations can beneficiate from the studies of social psychology to improve work performance and the quality of the services offered to the society as well as to assist employees to improve their personal and professional life.
KEYWORDS: Mental health. Bias of conformity. Life events. Human resources. Faculty.
